A Waltz With Death On Crystal Stairs Essay

‘My Papa’s Waltz,’ 1948 In this poem by Theodor Roethke, the speaker is describing his childhood in the arms of his drunken father. He recalls how his father comes home intoxicated with alcohol and drives both him and his mother crazy. Theodor Roethke was a great poet and the moods of his poetry range from acid wit to simple feeling. Some of his other poems are Open House (1941), The Lost Son and Other Poems (1948), The Waking (1953, Pulitzer Prize), Words for the Wind (1957), I Am! Says the Lamb (1961), and The Far Field (1964). ‘Because I could not stop for Death,’ 1863 In this poem by Emily Dickinson, the poet seems to position herself in eternity as she recalls her life. Death is portrayed as a gentleman and Immortality is with them as they ride in a carriage that passes sceneries that depict the three major stages of human life: birth, adolescence and old age. Emily Dickinson is considered one of the most original 19th Century American poets. She is noted for her unconventional broken rhyming meter and use of dashes and random capitalization as well as her creative use of metaphor and overall innovative style. Some of her poems are Fame is a fickle food, I cannot live with you, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain and I’m Nobody! Who are you? ‘Mother to Son,’ 1932 In this poem by Langston Hughes, a mother is advising his son not to give up on life by recalling her own misgivings in the past. The mother decides to compare her life to stairs and describes how hard it was to climb it. Langston Hughes was a prolific writer. In the forty years when he first wrote a book until his death in 1967, he wrote sixteen books of poems, two novels, three collections of short stories, four volumes of â€Å"editorial† and â€Å"documentary† fiction, twenty plays, children’s poetry, musicals and operas, three autobiographies, a dozen radio and television scripts and dozens of magazine articles and edited seven anthologies. Some of his other distinguished poems are The Weary Blues (1926), The Negro Mother and other Dramatic Recitations (1931) and The Dream Keeper (1932). The profound metaphors in Theodor Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† and Langston Hughes â€Å"Mother to Son† make readers reflect on the lives of their poets and contemplate on their own existence. â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is a joy to analyze because the metaphor or the â€Å"waltz† has brought about very contrasting reflections on the poem. With lines such as â€Å"But I hung on like death; such waltzing was not easy† (Kennedy and Gioia 674) many critics have come to understand the poem in the light of a father and son playing roughly and enjoying their quality moment. However, many scholars also think that Roethke is actually using the metaphor of a waltz to describe child abuse. The word â€Å"romped† seems to show enjoyment. However, pans sliding from the kitchen shelves and the boy’s ear scraping on his father’s belt buckle with every missed step contradict the poet’s first description of the dance. According to John J. McKenna in his article, Roethke’s Revisions and The Tone Of My Papa’s Waltz, the holograph manuscripts of â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† confirm that Roethke himself tried to balance the negative and positive tones of the poem, resulting in its rich ambiguity. Emily Dickinson is famous for her great use of metaphors. The first line of the poem â€Å"Because i could not stop for death, he kindly stopped for me†( Kennedy and Gioia 1019) seems to be about a girl who has contemplated committing suicide in the past. In the end of the poem she seems to be happy that she did not push through with it because she was after all, ready to pursue living. However, the metaphors used to portray death and immortality as persons can be confusing and easily understood in a different light. William Galperin reflects on these metaphors from the point of view of a feminist. In his critique compiled by Donna Campbell of Washington State University, he believes that â€Å"death† embodies society’s perception that a woman has to get married and live a domesticated life while the poem similarly redefined immortality as a woman’s self-possession, or the result of a refusal to allow society the prerogative of selecting her. There are also some scholars who believe that Dickinson is actually hinting on seduction in this poem. It is very easy to get lost in Dickinson’s metaphors and even scholars themselves have different points of reflections on it. However, these metaphors are what make her poem truly distinct and interesting. In the poem, Mother To Son, Langston Hughes seems to be referring to a stereo-typical mother advising his son on how to deal with life. It is easy to think that the poem just wants to convey a more mature person trying to coach someone to move on. â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair† (Kennedy and Gioia 1031) clearly uses the metaphor of the stairway to make readers understand that life is not easy. Words like â€Å"splinters† â€Å"boards torn up† and â€Å"bare† can be interpreted as hardships in life. The poet’s use of the â€Å"crystal† stairs also seems to describe an easy and comfortable life or heaven to some. However, in the light of the times when the poem was written, scholars believe that the message is related to racial discrimination. Aidan Wasley, in the book, Poetry for Students, believes that it becomes easy to see Hughes’s mother figure as something like a racial matriarch addressing her scattered children and exhorting them to â€Å"keep on climbing† on their way to freedom. The lives and beliefs of the authors of the three poems are deeply embedded in the metaphors they used. It is their masterful way of weaving these mere words intricately that convey such powerful messages and remarkable stories that one can only appreciate by reflecting on one’s own decisions and principles. These poetic devices are very effective in making one contemplate and were successful and shall keep the poems truly alive long after their poets have gone. Works Cited Keneddy, X. J. , and Dana Gioia. Literature: an introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. New York, New York: Pearson and Longman, 2007. McKenna, John J. â€Å"Roethke’s Revisions And The Tone Of My Papa’s Waltz,† 1998. University of Nebraska at Omaha. 15 April 2007 < http://www. mrbauld. com/exrthkwtz. html>. Wasley, Aidan. â€Å"An Overview of Mother To Son† Poetry For Students. Gale, 1998. Wsu. edu. Campbell, Donna. Washington State University. 15 April 2007 .

Effects on Children in Single Parent Household Essay

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that about 30 percent of American families are headed by only one parent. Single parent households numbered over 12 million in the year of 2000. According to this, single parent families can no longer be viewed as nontraditional families. These families are all around us today. So, interest has grown as to the effect of these households on Children’s well-being. The most important effect of single parent household on children is in academic achievement. According to the research named Single parenting and children’s academic achievement from Kunz (2010), most single parent households are run by mothers. Therefore, children who lack fathers’ attention can’t have a happy learning environment. They usually perform poorly in school because the lack of guidance on their homework. From this research, we can conclude that for every 100 dollars of child support mothers receive, their children’s standardized test scores increa se by 1/8 to 7/10 of a point. In addition, children with single mothers who have contact and emotional support from their fathers tend to do better in school than children who have no contact with their fathers. We can make a conclusion from this research that because children live in single parent household, they can hardly do well in academic achievement. Emotional effects also play an important role in the life of children growing up in a single parent household. According to the article named Children in single parent homes and emotional problems by Erica Williams (2003), living in single parent household can have many emotional effects on children, including feelings of abandonment, sadness, loneliness and difficulty socializing and connecting with others. Nowadays, because living in single parent household, more and more children become autistic. They can’t develop interpersonal relationship with normal people, which avoid them from surviving in the society independently. Besides, since they are given little attention, there are also other emotional effects on them, including low self-esteem, increased anger, frustration and an increased risk for violent behavior. Further, they are more likely to commit a crime because they want to attract people’s attention. This can not only ruin their lives but also break their parents’ hearts. Although there are so many negative effects on children in single parent households, it can have positive effects on them as well. According to a study at Cornell  University, positive single parenting did not show any negative impact on the social and educational development of the 12 and 13 years old participating in the study. In addition, children in single parent families may exhibit strong responsibility skills, as they are often called upon to help out more with family chores and tasks. Therefore, if children in single parent households are taught and educated by the single parent in an appropriate way, they can become people who are more strong and independent than the normal children in normal families. Because they lack love, they learn how to survive in this complex society and live a happy life and become stronger and stronger. To help the children in single parent households, our whole society is supposed to pay more attention on them. If we can give more care and patience to them, they will become strong but not evil. They are the most innocent part of their families, and they are supposed to be treated as the normal children in normal families. Please give your love and care to them. References Kunz, M. (2010). Single parenting and children’s academic achievement. Retrieved from http://library.adoption.com/articles/single-parenting-and-childrens-academic-achievement.html Williams, E. (2003). Children in single parent homes and emotional problems. Retrieved from http://www.thehilltoponline.com/2.4839/children-in-single-parent-homes-and-emotional-problems-1.472758#.UjSszMZ9dyc

Porter's forces analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Porter's forces analysis - Essay Example Your essay must be typed using 12-point Times New Roman font, double spaced with 1" margins all around. The maximum size of this essay will be three (3) pages. Spelling and grammar will be assessed in grading. This essay MUST be submitted on the day of your class final or it will not be accepted for credit. Use this page as a cover page. The competition among US business schools to recruit new applicants, both foreign and local, is particularly intense. The US recession, the negative impact of the US recession on Europe and Asia will lead to a reduced demand for business studies in the future. The US business schools knows the qualities that makes them strong and unique. These schools sought to define their respective unique and distinctive contributions to the society. Competitiveness among business schools requires systematic and innovative thinking which relies on the ability to generate ideas from various sources and the quick capability to act based on the information received. Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, amd Northwestern University made use of student assistantships, scholarships, and fellowships to attract the best business school applicants. Other alternatives include securing additional external funding and implementation of cost cutting measures combined with aggressive marketing of premiere programs. Porter (1985) stated that organizations that thrive in competitive environments are able to continue since they are implementing one of three specific strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Moreover, Porter (2008) stated that the strength of the competitive forces has an impact on the prices, costs, and the investment of the firms. The competitive forces are directly tied to the income statements and balance sheets of industry leaders. Despite the stiff international and local competition, Baruch's Zicklin School of Business still retains its competitive advantage vis--vis other foreign and local business schools. The Zicklin Business School has a long history, a strong alumni support and a huge funding base. Cost leadership pertains to providing either superior value at lower prices or special benefits that offset higher prices (Porter, 1985). The effective pricing of MBA and DBA programs by Zicklin Business School also constitutes a distinct competitive advantage . II. SUPPLIER POWER -HIGH The business schools have the power to choose the kind of business students it wants to admit. A business school relies on its good reputation. Given the fiercely competitive nature, changes happen very quickly. Most business schools generally keep abreast of new ideas and new technologies to improve its

Persnonal development planing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Persnonal development planing - Essay Example This is usually associated with various potential benefits that may arise when students and other stakeholders are exposed to Personal Development Planning. The aspect of developing Personal Development Planning will create the following benefits: The essence of Personal Development Planning among students is ascribed to various benefits, to begin with: It enables students to integrate academic as well as personal development into their specific academic programs thus improving their general academic performance. In addition, Personal Development among students can improve their capacity to monitor and assess their personal progress in regard to various aspects of learning (Smale & Fowlie, 2009). Research has also shown that the application of Personal Development Planning at Institutions of Higher Learning is imperative owing to the fact that it promotes a sense of increased awareness among the students. The awareness occurs in various forms i.e. increased awareness of the specific learning methods that are used within the institutions and the specific goals of these learning strategies (Cottrell, 2003). Personal Development Planning in Institutions of Higher Learning creates a platform for self-assessment among the students, hence increases their capacity to evaluate their weaknesses and strengths. Moreover, it also creates a scenario where the students are in a position to explore various opportunities within the learning curriculum, thus facilitate the aspect of Personal Development Planning within and outside the curriculum (Cottrell, 2003). Research has also indicated that Personal Development Planning among students within institutions of higher learning enables the students to prepare themselves for their future career objectives i.e. to seek employment in their fields of interest or being self-employed within their

Summary Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Summary Paper - Essay Example One such organization-wide change has been decided in our company, which aims to adopt a Total Quality Management (TQM) approach in order to enhance organizational effectiveness. In this recommendation for change management process, I assert that adoption and implementation of TQM involves its translation into employee commitment through effective leadership competence to bring and sustain the concept of TQM in true sense. According to my observation and learning, TQM is an enormous task, and hence bringing the culture of TQM requires effective change management process and a strategy that fits with organizational structure and systems. To achieve this, I propose a systematic process that should involve assessment of the current situation and its readiness for TQM; a proven change management approach that fits with organizational systems and structure; development of leadership competencies; and effective communication strategies. Assessment of organizational readiness to the intende d change can be done based on McKinsey’s 7-s Model. This approach will also help in aligning different strategies and systems in accordance with the requirements of TQM. This approach was designed by Peters and Waterman (1982), and considers organization as a system made of seven key elements namely, strategy, structure, systems, staff, style, shared values and skills (Green, 2007). In the process of assessment, every manager should be given the task of identifying the areas that can be improved/modified in order to improve the output. Managers must be instructed to view the present structure and its readiness to adopt the TQM. For instance, managers must assess their processes structures and systems if they already have quality monitoring or control processes; if yes, then the process structure and systems may be regarded as suitable, and if not, modifications might be required. Thirdly, staff’s readiness for adopting TQM can be assessed in terms of knowledge and acce ptance levels. Next, style assessment requires understanding the staff members’ and leaders’ behavior and attitudes towards adoption of TQM. Skills assessment includes level of understanding, competencies as well as technical skills required for adoption of TQM principles. Lastly, assessment of shared values is necessary to imbibe the intended change into organizational values and then into individuals’ objectives. This is extremely important in change management situation because individuals at all levels must be committed to implement the change. In Gill’s (2006) words, ‘change requires effective management: clear objectives and planning; organizing roles, responsibilities and resources, and compatible and supportive corporate policies, practices and systems; monitoring and control’ (p.323). From this viewpoint, change management encompasses three critical dimensions: leadership, strategy and change process. Very often, change implementatio n fails because of lack of effective planning, monitoring and control; moreover, people tend to focus more on the objective or outcome of change rather than the process of change. The process of change should involve a good plan, measurable objectives, effective monitoring and corrective actions. The most important aspect of change management is the vision. In the present situation, organizational vision is to enhance its overall

Discussion Post #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Post #4 - Essay Example Goldhirsh immense passion for social views and his argumentative nature presents him as a woody and a more allelic person. On the brighter side, some of his laborers still liked him. They felt at ease and comfortable with his management style. In addition, Goldhirsh compares entrepreneurship with the great satisfaction that comes from docking after making it through an unrelenting storm. Entrepreneurship is about having the right idea, objectives and motivation for progress and development. For example, Goldhirsh talks gracefully of Dr. Edwin Land, who broadly motivated him with his robust approach to business (Burlingham 194). As a result, Bernie Inc developed to become one of the most established US Steel Company. Interestingly, Goldhirsh compares entrepreneurship with artistry. It is the art of creating something like a business out of something like a bold idea. It is fascinating how a combination of skills, ambition and drive can motivate the development of such a big

Tourism of Byron Bay in New South Wales, Australia Research Paper - 1

Tourism of Byron Bay in New South Wales, Australia - Research Paper Example Various destinations have been emerging as tourist attractions all around the world possessing unique features and offerings for tourism. Byron Bay is a city which is situated near beach area in New South Wales, Australia. The town is situated 772 kilometres from north of Sydney as well as 165 kilometres from south of Brisbane. The town consists of several beaches which are quite popular for boat surfing. It is recognised as a resort which is admired by both domestic as well as international tourists. Tourism policies in South West Australia have been characterised by reactive responses towards the need for income opportunities, especially concerning the rural communities with the hope that tourism will endorse regional development as well as help in restructuring the domestic economy. It is in this context that there exist many groups of stakeholders such as government agencies, maintenance groups, developers and domestic residents who play an influencing role in determining the excellence of the tourist destination. The primary aim of these stakeholders is to attain growth and development in the tourism management o f Australia (Jenkins & Michael, 1993). In 1998, a â€Å"National Plan for Tourism† was discharged by the Federal government of Australia to deliver the direction of Tourism policy formulation as well as industry strategy planning. The measures comprised of the plan aims to address the obstacles caused by sectoral growth seeking to protect Australia’s reputation as an excellent tourist destination. The main purpose of this plan has been to develop prospects for rising markets through implementing objective as well as customer-centric marketing strategies, promoting the development of provincial tourism, increasing industrial standard as well as ability levels, developing information in relation to the tourism industry.

How One Takes Life for Granted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How One Takes Life for Granted - Essay Example Both however, exposed an understanding of the truth and what lies beneath the surface. 'Richard Cory' had a universal speaker, using "we" throughout. This helped to set him apart from "we", the ordinary people who looked at him as "a gentleman from head to crown" (l. 3). The tone contains irony, awe and envy: "we thought that he was everything/To make us wish that we were in his place." (l. 11-12). The metaphor and visual imagery in "and he glittered when he walked" (l. 8) create pictures of somebody bedecked in gold and precious jewels, symbols of wealth. The envious tone changed later to bitterness with the words: "So on we worked.And went without the meat and cursed the bread." (l. 13-14), as if this was all life could be for them, the difference between rich and poor. The last line exposed how taking life for granted was a big mistake. This untouchable, aristocratic man who seemed to have it all, "Went home and put a bullet through his head." (l. 16). The poem had a lilting, easy, almost ballad type style, up until the shocking final line that was in stark contras t to how Richard Cory was perceived. The clear message was that people and life should never to be judged by outward appearances, or apparent circumstances. Though similarly like a song, in contrast, 'My Papa's Wa

Term paper 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1 - Term Paper Example The Revelations of the Perfect Masters transcend the mind-barrier, where bliss alone reigns. It is a conflict-free zone and can not be captured in the printed pages. It can only be experienced. When slavery was actively and horridly practiced in South America, one could unhesitatingly assert that the guardians of religion had Cross dangling on their necks, but not Christ in the hearts. It is strange how religion remained mute witness to sleepwalking barbarity to the meanest of the mean deeds of slave holders. The Church protected and blessed them! The religious masters were the greatest torturer of the slaves. Slavery was a tragedy in the lives of the blacks. That it was practiced in the name of religion was the double tragedy! Slaves in the 1800s were kept ignorant about everything, except that they also possessed the human-body, in which the soul resided in that God-given abode! The first sentence about the Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, the American Slave, is profound and says something tragic about the life of the slaves. The white masters had perfected the art of ultimate suppression of the blacks. Douglass writes, â€Å"I was born in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county, Maryland. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant. I do not remember to have ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday.† The question about the age was not liked by the white masters and it was termed improper and impertinent and in dication of a restless spirit of the individual. The scheme of torture was perfected, like that of a well thought plan of a mansion drawn by an architect. Black children suffered, from the cradle to the grave, from the womb to the

Immigration citizenship Essay Example for Free

Immigration citizenship Essay There are laws defining citizenship and laws stipulating the conditions for non citizens. In most cases, there is freedom of movement from one country to another for various reasons. Illegal immigrants are those who happen to be in another country unlawfully. California records the highest numbers of illegal immigrants, most having been lured by the search for better jobs. There has been an argument against these immigrations based on the fact that they seem to be a strain on the available public amenities. A clear example is how a slight reduction in the price of tomatoes would see illegal immigrants flock into the US. The fight to ban immigration is toughening as times went on in the US where most opponents argue that the move should be kind especially to kids who should not be forced or fully evicted from school. Some republicans think it may not be fair to deny immigrants their civil rights. (Borjas 220). This paper focuses on the enforcement of immigrants’ laws and the negative effects of the laws in the United States. Most of the United States migration laws are not based on equality, respect for individual rights and fairness. Their restrictions are based on crude and arbitrary utilitarian calculations of the relative costs that are offered by immigration groups of the United States society. There is also a strong misconception of the United State national Sovereignty. This serves historically as a justification for border restrictions which accelerates the conflict between the liberal theory and immigration exclusions. (LeMay M. C., xxxiv) Despite the fact that the United States recognizes the interstate travel right; they have completely refused to acknowledge the right of immigrants to cross national boundaries. The Supreme Court has put a boundary between its citizens under the new constitution. According to the constitution, the non citizens lack any rights for entry in the country. The disabled who are protected under the Disabilities Act also face discrimination in immigration. They are denied entry being regarded as inadmissible â€Å"aliens† who cannot be allowed to enter. Racial discrimination has also been entertained in the Unite States immigration history whereby immigration laws in the U.S. have punished people of a different color. As Puerto Ricans, we have experienced racial hatred often transferred from citizens of United States to the immigrants who share similar ancestries.   (LeMay M. C., xxxiv) The United States have complied with the color blindness laws that are demanded with the U.S. However in Supreme Court, non citizens are disproportionately restricted from entering the country. The culmination of this is the creation of tension with the nation stated commitment equality under the law. There is also an ignorance of laws that are protective to the poor, disabled, and HIV positive and racial minorities even under the U.S. immigration laws. It has been realized that there are no moral jurisdictions in keeping these groups out of the United States. Records have also shown that racial hatred transfer from citizens in United States to the immigrants who share similar ancestries. (LeMay M. C 26) Several states have enacted laws that show no mercy, even for immigrants with steady jobs, deep community roots, a history of paying taxes and children who are citizens. Undocumented and lawful immigrants have fewer rights compared to the citizens of the United States. Lack of equal rights extends to exploitation in the secondary market, low wages and very few legal protections. There is also a racial caste system which cannot be reconciled with the liberty and equality. The United States immigrants’ laws also do not cater for moral migration policy. Churches and religious leaders have criticized the authenticity and morality of modern immigration policies. The immigration laws should be treated as humanitarian way rather than being punishable to the immigrants. Despite the efforts to violate the immigrants’ laws on moral grounds, the government has refused to change the immigrants’ laws to satisfy these basic moral imperatives. The rights of the individual immigrants have been historically trumped at the expense of the nation-state rights. The ability of people to move comfortably together with their family which is an ultimate freedom and fundamental for human beings has been denied. (Johnson K.R.71)   Immigrants have also been discriminated on acquiring educational benefits. There has been a debate on whether to provide education benefits to the illegal immigrants over years in the nation. The federal courts have used the Welfare Reform Act to assist the immigrants’ access educational benefits. However portions of the proposition 187 advocates for the denying of illegal immigrants as well as harsh treatment to those suspected being illegal immigrants This is based on the argument that there happens to be a lot of American citizens without proper documents and the use of documents to verify whether one qualifies to access education. Majority of the opponents of the ban however still feel that the current number of illegal immigrants in school is not yet a burden or an issue of concern to warrant such crude measures. It is believed that the cessation of government support to immigrant’s education would go along way in ensuring that illegal immigration is reduced by a large magnitude. This is attributed to the fact that any form of gain acts as an incentive to the immigrants (Haines Rosenblum 133)Immigrant workers have been negatively affected by the immigrants’ laws in some states in America. Oklahoma, which has one of the toughest new laws, now prevents illegal immigrants from getting state services. It also requires employers to verify whether new workers are legal, gives people a way to sue companies that hire illegal immigrants, and makes it a felony to transport, harbor or conceal an illegal immigrant.   The enforcement of the law has been so harsh to the illegal immigrants. Simple humanity is the character which has been lacking and recognition that the vast majority of those affected do not have any malicious intent. The immigrants usually does not come United States so that they can be robbers but to improve their lives through hard work contrary to how they are treated. Inhuman treatment is given to them where families are uprooted, and parents are separated from their kids. (Johnson K.R.29)Legal residents and citizens are also hurt by the current immigration laws. This mostly happens where spouses, parents or children are illegal.   Their relatives are the ones who are placed at risk for harboring them at their homes or transporting them to church. Oklahoma Hispanic groups estimate that around 25,000 people left the state after the law was approved. The number of students who attended School dropped, workers disappeared, church attendance shrank and most Latino businesses lost customers.   There are several reports that shows police in some places target Hispanic drivers for roadside stops and document checks. This has forced citizens to be carrying passports or birth certificates to avoid being jailed and other forms police harassment. (U.S.A.Today 2007)Business organizations have also been negatively affected by the current immigration laws. Employers complain that they’re being asked to become immigration police with imperfect tools. In Oklahoma there was a study which predicted that the current law could cost more than $1 billion in a year the states economy. All firms that specialize in finding new locations for businesses said some companies have removed Oklahoma from their lists. (U.S.A.Today)   The supporters of current immigration laws include corporate interests that profit from cheap foreign labor, ethnic lobbies seeking to increase their political base, and religious activists, humanitarians, and civil libertarians who focus on human rights and other ethical concerns. Opponents include non-European immigrants as a threat to American culture, environmentalists who dread immigration-fueled population growth, and labor advocates who fear that immigration is taking jobs from U.S. citizens and depressing U.S. wages. On political spectrum, free marketers square off against cultural conservatives. The federal immigration law could be highlighted as hypocritical and ineffectual it has been passed to ensure that there is cheap labor in the country but on the other hand, the nation does not want immigrants. The united states have taken great steps trying to enforce the U.S border laws but it has failed to achieve the intended goals. Even with the current immigration laws, the nation is still insecure and the immigrants faced different social, economic and political challenges. Works Cited: Borjas G. Heavens door: immigration policy and the American economy. Princeton  University Press, 2001 190-250 Haines, David W Rosenblum, Karen Elaine. Illegal immigration in America: a    reference handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999,133 Hirschman C, Kasinitz P and DeWind J. The handbook of international migration: the American experience. Russell Sage Foundation Publishers, 1999, 360-370 Johnson K. R. Opening the floodgates: why America needs to rethink its borders and

Nescafes Global Strategy

Nescafes Global Strategy About Nescafe Nestle, the largest confectionary, nutrition and Food Company in the world. Nescafe is one of its renowned brands in the business of traditional hot and cold energizing solubles like coffee and is available almost in every part of the world in different forms and variants. It was named as one of the top 100 brands of the world by Bloomberg business week (Top 100 Brands of 2008, 2008). Today, its offerings are available in 32 countries including France, China, Canada, Pakistan, India, UK, USA and others(Nescafà ©, 2010). Nescafes Global Strategy Nescafe has build a strong brand equity through the use of aggressive marketing strategies globally. Each country/regions Nescafe forms its own strategy to effectively target its audience and generate sales accordingly for the profitability and growth of the company. It is for this reason that some variants are designed and marketed to cater to the needs of that particular segment of the market.It has been noted that Nescafe as a brand is in a intermediary phase from being an exclusive utilitarian comsuption product when it used to be just an instant coffee to becoming more of a product with hedonic consumption when it started to create and sell different blends in different markets. Each variant has its own specific feature and personality to add value to the brand under the same name.The company aims at providing products to consumers wherever, whenever and however is required. Nescafe focuses on the coffee tradition and its historical value. Nescafes global brand personality can be sincere, down-to-earth, warm and honest and excitement related to friendly, youth and energy however it can be just one of the two mentioned above or a mix of both depending upon the target market and the variation. Target Market, Promotion Strategies and Media Nescafe has different target market for its different variants. In the UK, the target market is young adult consumers aged between 20-35 of middle and upper class who have lived with consumption soft drinks and energy drinks like redbull. To capture that market, Nescafe along with its advertising agency decided on building consumer trust and develop work showing lenghts that Nescafe users will go to stay away from other substitute goods. A 360 degree campaign was designed which was launched with a TVC, billboards, radio ads, posters, magazines, news paper and many other medias. In India, with its different variants, is leveraging to vast consumer base and cateting to all segments of the market. The market has been divided on the basis of geographic regions like North, South, East and West, psychographics and demographics. The strategy however has been to focus on values and low-key market penetration using 360 degree promotion campaign. The Greek market was consuming the traditional Greek Coffee which was served in a tiny cup and with a glass of cold water intended to be drunk first. Nescafe captured this opportunity to grab the market share by introducing its Nescafe Frappe in the Greek Market that change habit of the Greek coffee drinkers. It has been heavily marketed to the target audience aged between 17-30 using clever visuals to show a trendy world of partying and dancing including a stylish living for the younger generation. (Butler, 1988) With a deal with MTV to launch a style campaign for the new generation of consumers aged between 16-24 years old, Nescafe has decided to relaunch the brand with a $30 Million global campaign. Nescafe has been working on targeting its market through the use of interactive youth oriented websites Nescafe Live where consumer will exchange ideas and information regarding images and videos aimed at 16-24 years old consumers of the global market. In Australia, the marketing mix is aimed at targeting diverse market segments of all age groups. For the young adult cafà © culture segment, they offer their range of latte with a sponsoring campaigns like Nescafe Short Film Awards Win the Nescafe Latte Lounge of which teaser and TVCs were created. Also, a website was created for information regarding products, competitions and events. Marketing Communication Agencies Nescafes lead global agencies are McCann Erickson Publicis Mojo while also have MindShare as their global media creative Agency (Jain, 2007). These global agencies have either affliations with local agencies in different countries or have their own subsidaries. Thus, the affliated agencies or the subsidaries become the local agencies of their clients and work with their global partner to create a universal image, perception and equity of the brand. Like the local agency in Sweden for Nescafe is Storakers McCann which is affliated with McCann Erikson while in Pakistan its Orient McErikson. In France, it is Publicis Conseil which has affliation with Publicis Mojo. Importance of Advertising for Nescafe Advertising for Nescafe is important to create positive feeling and attitude of consumers towards the brand which will eventually lead to purchase. Advertising plays a vital part in communicating a competitive advantage and to make consumers feel that the product suits their requirements and has the same personality as theirs. Due to factors like culture and differences in attitudes and behaviors in each country/region that has its own beverage used as stimulant or energizers. Like in some regions its tree and in others its green tea or coffee. Thus, to capture the non-coffee drinking markets, it is essential to aggresively advertise the energizing and stimulating effects of coffee. The red color of the mug is used to emphasize the energy of the drink while red suits to project that state of mind. Nescafe has a very diversified base of consumers belonging to different personalities which have different cultures and tradition and coffee just might not be a part of any of it. It is through advertising that they can create value for customers. For the same reason, Nescafe with the help of local agencies creates offerings based on consumers attitudes, personalities, and behavior and the culture and tradition of that country/region while keeping a broader global brand image, conviction and positioning. If Nescafe just had a global agency responsible for creating and designing products and brands and market them to the global market at large, it would fail to effectively communicate with the customers or to create a competitive advantage in the markets due to the diversified consumer base as needs, attitudes, culture, behaviours and many other factors of consumers choice and preference differ from region to region and coutnry to country. Thus, a balance has to be maintained between the local market perspective and the global outlook as well for the success of the brand and company(Amanda, n.d.). Recommendation To be able to capture and grab the market share of different markets, Nescafe should be associated with the current agencies in order to create offerings using both global and local perspective. However, their promotional strategy should not completely be diverted towards the coffee drinkers of future and should carry out activities for the adults and old-age consumers as well. The use of 360 degree marketing campaigns is a very effective way of reaching out to the target consumers which should be carried on further. Reference: Amanda, (n.d.) The Marketing Mix: How two companies use it to target the Australian Instant Coffee Market, Retrieved on May 19, 2010, from Monash University: http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/writing/business-economics/marketing/3.2.2.xml Butler, R. (1988). How Nescafe frappe swept the Greek market. Tea Coffee trade Journal . Jain, A. (2007). Nescafe V/S Bru Markeketing . India: www.slideshare.net. Nescafe Tags (10), Retrieved May 19, 2010, from Popsop.com: http://popsop.com/tag/nescafe Nescafà ©. (2010).Coffee People, Retrieved on May 19, 2010 from: www.nescafe.com, Nescafe|Camera Cafà ©|China (2010). Retrieved May 19, 2010, from Media Asia.com: http://www.media.asia/newsarticle/2010_01/NescafeCamera-CafeChina/38482?src=mostpop Nestle India Limited . (2003). Retrieved May 19, 2010, from India Brand Equity Foundation: http://www.ibef.org/download/Nestle.pdf OReilly, D. (2001), Nescafes new campaign is full of beans, Retrieved on May 19, 2010, from The Post.IE: http://archives.tcm.ie/businesspost/2001/09/09/story958990928.asp Saunderson, L, (2001), Nescafe: Interactive Beans , Retrieved on May 19, 2010, from Boards: http://www.boardsmag.com/articles/magazine/20010801/nescafe.html Top 100 Brands of 2008 . (2008). Retrieved May 19, 2010, from Bloomberg Business Week: http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/09/0918_best_brands/29.htm

Government Essay -- Analysis, Thoreau

Thoreau starts his essay by supporting the motto- â€Å"that government is best which governs least† (177), which implies the reduction of governmental interference in everyday affairs by reducing the government’s capacity to tax for unpopular causes. A case in point is a poll tax – a â€Å"per head† tax imposed on all citizens to help support, what Thoreau considered an unjust war against Mexico, which would extend slavery into new US territories, organized by a small elite of persons who have manipulated government to their benefit against popular will (177). Furthermore, Thoreau maintains that government rarely proves itself useful and that it derives its authority from the majority since they are physically the strongest group, not because they hold the most legitimate viewpoint. He continues that individual’s prior obligation is to do what they believe is right and not to obey the law dictated by the majority. It can be suggested that when a go vernment is unjust, people should refuse to obey the law and dissociate themselves from the government in general. This implies that a person is not obligated to devote his life to eradicating evils from the world, but he is ought not to participate in such evils, which could mean not being a member of an unjust institution such as the government. However, at the same time, it could not be the most appropriate approach for one to dissociate from the society and be ultimately responsible to herself alone, especially in current interconnected world. Moreover, it is worth noting, that there is a strong sense of individualism and skepticism toward the government throughout Thoreau's work. It can be argued that Thoreau is deeply skeptical of the government because he despises the view that an individu... ...mply not make the world any worse. To return to the original question, it would appear that a man has a duty to act according to the dictates of his conscience, despite the latter goes against majority opinion, or the laws of society. In cases when the state supports unjust or immoral laws, Thoreau's notion of service to one's country paradoxically shifts to the form of resistance against it. Resistance is the highest form of patriotism because it illustrates a desire not to demolish government but to build a better one in the long term. Thus, Thoreau does not advocate a complete rejection of the administration, but resistance to those specific features considered to be unjust or immoral. Even though Thoreau’s ideas were not much influential in nineteenth century, it helped to inspire Mohandas Gandhi’s and Martin Luthor King’s theories of nonviolent resistance.

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

The use of the death penalty in the United States has been a great debate for many years. One of the major aspects of this debate is whether or not we should continue to use this form of punishment for criminals. In my opinion, the death penalty should be abolished because it costs taxpayers much more than sending an inmate to prison and there is no factual evidence that it has any greater deterrent effect than life imprisonment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One major reason that I believe that the death penalty should be abolished is because the expenses of the death penalty greatly exceed those of life imprisonment. â€Å"Maintaining a system of Capital Punishment is far more expensive than sending murderers to prison until they die of natural causes. No systematic study has reached a contrary conclusion†(Costanzo 62). When various states conducted research on reinstating the death penalty, it was found that the cost would be enormous. A study in New York showed that the cost would be $118 million dollars each year to restore the death penalty within the state. Another study conducted in Kansas illustrated that the cost of the death penalty would be $11.4 million for the first year of reinstatement, and that the expenses would only rise each year as more prisoners were placed on death row (Quoted in Hanks 125). When compared to the cost of life imprisonment, these figures are astronomical. â€Å"A life sente nce in prison without parole is estimated to range from $750,000 to $1.1 mi...

Latin is Not Dead Yet! :: College Admissions Essays

My hands were brittle and numb from the biting cold. I'd been raking leaves for just under three hours in the dwindling group of Latin Club members who braved the weather for charity donations. As a freshman, I felt somewhat alone in my new club, especially since my friends had backed out on my invitation to join me that Saturday. Nevertheless, I vowed to stick with it, and someday spark more interest in the activities...even in the cold. However, with my yet-unestablished high school reputation and lone voice out of 150 members, I continued to contribute merely my attendance at the meetings and activities. Sophomore year, I found myself embracing Latin Club as a way to have fun with my friends and contribute community service. But despite my enthusiasm, the club did carry a somewhat nerdy and uninteresting image probably stemming form the name. "Latin Club? Come on. Whatta you guys do in there...speak Latin...or play dead!?" a classmate remarked. I chuckled, then informed him that the Romans were known for drunken revelry, large feasts, and ceremonial orgies. After translating that into "music, food, and dancing," I reminded him that there was a Latin Club party coming up next weekend. Needless to say, I had little trouble improving the club's popularity. Junior year arrived, and I decided it was time to make my move on the Latin Club. The name consul, the equivalent of president, jumped out from the nomination form like a lone image in a 3-D comic book. However, the presidency required a partnership-an ancient Roman safeguard carried on symbolically in our club. No problem! My friend Sankeerth and I couldn't have shared more interest. Thus, the campaign for "Court & Sankeerth" was born, but by no means an heir to the throne. Our opponents were none other than two of the biggest academic powerhouses in the senior class: Annie, who aced the SAT; and Christy, president of two other major clubs. Together they proved our valiant efforts basically futile in their shadow. "Next year," spoke the voice of optimism. Senior year brought to our campaign the confidence of a veteran TV sitcom versus a "pilot." Could anyone else possibly have wanted to be Latin Club president as much as we did? We could take no chances. The only way to win was to buy big markers.

Advantages and Disadvantages in Sport Technology Essay

Technology in sports is constantly changing in today’s era. This change is making a big impact, whether the technology is a disadvantage to the sport and slows down the speed of the game or uses the technology to an advantage and speeds the game up to help make accurate calls. People are always looking for the technology to be able to get ahead of other opponents. The use of technology has crept into the athletes’ games. Technology may not be a drug but a large amount of people use it. It is hard to say whether the use of technology is more of an advantage or disadvantage. One of the main reasons technology compromise a sport experience is that people are watching the games at home instead of watching the games that are played live. Some people would rather stay at home than spend the money to go to the game. With the games being shown on television that means fewer supporters in attendance. Fewer supporters mean less money for the teams in terms of income and profits. The enhance experience of technology has made it easy for teams to know and learn about the opposite teams. Some people believe that it was necessary for technology. The technology used in the National Football League has come a long way. For example, the â€Å"1st and Ten† graphics system has enhanced the football game to another level. The purpose of the â€Å"1st and Ten† line is displayed in a yellow color that shows the yards needed to make a first down. This system displays live to the television viewers only, it does not physically show on the field of play. The example I chose that enhances or compromises the sport with technology is in football with the use of instant replay, during a National Football League game. Everyone knows that the umpire or the referee is not always right. With football, the coaches are allowed to throw out a flag of their own and challenge the call on the field. The challenges are made toward the disputed call made by the on-field referee and they pass it on to the television official. If the official did not get the call right and the instant replay shows it as such, the team retains the time out and wins the call. If the instant replay shows what the official called, the team loses the call and a time out. The monitors are positioned in several spots on the field so the camera can capture the play at different angles whether it is in slow motion or game speed. The technology of instant replay sounds good to the viewers at the game or at home, but there is a lot of pressure for the official to get the call right. The instant replay can distract the players from the game or make them lost momentum if the process takes too long. Some challenges are considered thoughtless or in vain as a distraction. There are problems with the instant replay system that needs to be leveled out, but the system allows the game to get a stage future in technology in sport. Possible guidelines for the use of technology in spot are first of all the instant replay. The officials in the booth should be able to make the decision about the disputed play to save time and keep the game going smoothly. As far as clothes goes, the Haptic Sports Garment is a clothing line that should not be used during game time. The garment helps the athlete to uphold the most advantageous speed. In relevance to the Internet, the applications Venuing and Twackle are used by fans where they get involved with the players and teams to much. Next is the use of the DVD. The player’s highlights are being displayed to the scouts to use them to their advantage. A scout should not be allowed to get a highlighted DVD of a player unless they have the player’s permission. Finally, the swimming designer Speedo’s that bonds seams ultrasonically and reduce drags with the fabric made of water-repellent should not be used if all the swimmers are not using them during the race.

Management Planning and Ethics

First American Guard Services Company provides unique security services to all our clients. To maximize on our services, the company operates round the clock to ensure all the customers’ requirements are met.   Our core values are innovations, competence and reliability.   The company strives to offer quality services, professional development and high ethical standards.   Our team is highly committed to understand customers’ expectations and solve all safety problems.   The services offered not only will they accommodate all the clients’ needs but also exceed their expectations. (Francesco, 2006) Organizational Structure First American Guard Services is made up of qualified and professional team.   The company is under the Chief executive officer, the Vice president of company operations and Vice president of marketing and Finance.   The Chief Executive Officer manages the whole company and holds the final word.   The VP is in charge of departmental operations and the second VP is in charge of marketing and finance. The planning Function of the Management To ensure the smooth flow of all the activities within the company, the company has decided to embark on management planning and ethics plans to harmonize all the plans laid out.   The management will streamline legal issues, ethics and corporate social responsibility and how it impacts the management and business planning.   All the issues will enhance proper communication, accountability and clarify the vision of all the plans.   The corporate social responsibility will broaden the perspectives of communications at the corporate level within the management so that sound policies can be made. The management consists of the CEO, and the two VPs (Francesco, 2006) Legal issues are vital if any organization must perform well.   The legal issues affect the management since they are responsible for laying out rules and regulations that staff members are expected to adhere to.   First American Guard Company’s management will evaluate all the processes to improve the performance of the management.   The Chief executive will lead the team by initiating workshops and seminars whereby they will be exposed to management courses.   The courses will enhance ethical standards and adhere to the law. (Francesco, 2006) Legal issues, ethical factors as well as corporate social responsible are interrelated since they affect performance of the management and ultimately output of the organization. (Francesco, 2006) Legally, there are rules stipulated by the law that businesses must follow.   The rules determine the types of decisions and plans made at the management level.   Some of the legal issues will determine the quality of services offered by First American, to ensure they meet the standards set by the law.   Despite all the innovations, that the management hopes to come up with, they must be within the law.   On the other hand, ethics are designed by the company, that is, code of ethics indicating the conduct and organizations expectations of all the employees.   The ethical infrastructure will support the effective implementation of ethical responsibility and corporate strategies.   (Francesco, 2006) The ethical training will be directed to the first American Guard service team, so that the members can make use of moral reasoning tools so that questions related to ethics and corporate activities are properly addressed.   The image of the management relies on the code of ethics.   Ethical standards set by the company are usually the crucial tools which enable the management carry out corporate, social and ethical responsibilities.   The function in essence is beyond legal requirements. (Francesco, 2006) The corporate social responsibility will however consider the international standard as well as the best practices. (Francesco, 2006) Conclusion According to many writers, the social responsibility of any business must have ethical responsibilities.   First American Guard Services Company has social responsibilities which will further be subdivided into ethical, legal and economic.   In addition, the ethical responsibilities of the company are parallel to the legal issues. (Francesco, 2006) The management function will therefore revolve around harmonizing all the issues concerned, to ensure all the business plans, implementation adhere to the management function.   This is because, all legal, social and ethical guidelines, determine the policies that the management will formulate and who the implementers will be. (Francesco, 2006) It is important to note that, most social responsibilities are not clear and are more or less an assortment of legal and moral responsibilities, vested interests and some moral ideals.   This package however, inhibits the managements to consider other ethical responsibilities of the company.   This means that if the company trades on ideals, corporate social responsibility myth diverts the attention from the duties of the management. (Francesco, 2006) References Francesco, P. (2006) Developing Corporate Social Responsibility, Edward Elgar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing.            

The Illiad Play

Isaiah Hammed An Iliad Essay Response Honors British Literature Mr.. Jason Then 3/24/14 â€Å"War is Hell† Adventurers seeking for a live blood fest should be cautioned, however, that all this riotous violence is induced through the words of a sole actor, played by James Deviate, in An Iliad. James Deviate tells the story of the Trojan War as he is living and referring to all wars that were fought since. â€Å"Every time I sing this song, I hope it's the last time,† the Poet tells his audience. But it never is because wars keep happening all over the world.An Iliad evokes the message of futility of war, with war, everyone loses and in the end there is no resolution. The message the production of an Iliad is trying to make is that war is foolish as every war. Andrew Bobby's destructed setting portrays the lost and ruined lives in the story. The informal, chatty tone echoes Homer's use of simile, and makes parallels between modern life to the desires that irritated the Tr ojan and Greeks. Deviated gets his message across by his conventional, ballet movements which express the ritual of war.Including the standout scene where the Poet loses it, representing the mindless killing of warriors. The poet gives every person being killed a backstops. As he describes a spear being plunged down someone's throat, he'll say, â€Å"He was a married man with a 3-year-old-son†. Or â€Å"he was an incredible warrior from the fields of Argon, and he was a good potter, known to produce beautiful things. † The poet values each life until the end of it. He glorifies the bravery, loyalty, and strength of the soldiers by giving each a positive quality.The cone where Prima the King chastens himself by putting his life at risk to beg for hi son's dead body, thinking that they will kill him and surprisingly they don't. He begs and Achilles agrees to give it back. Achilles is king enough to say miss, I'll do this†, and is patient enough to warn Prima not to yell so he doesn't kill him. This extraordinary scene depicts the sentimental and courageous side of the manly warriors. The onstage attendance of cellist Alicia Storing promotes the audience's gratefulness of how this ancient story will always remain a story for everyone. Just having the sound f a cello at times will evoke the women who are talked about in the play,† Deviated said. â€Å"Seeing a woman out there alters the story. So often, women and children are the collateral damage in war. Alias's presence, while I describe things like Hectors son being thrown from the battlements, will change how that account resonates. † Snowline) The ghostly presence of the cellist dramatists the story.

451 Essay

Fahrenheit 451 Essay A dystopia is defined as a community or a society that is undesirable or frightening in some important way. There have been many novels written about such societies, such as 1984 by George Orwell, The Giver by Lois Lowry, and Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451 describes a dystopian society in which books are outlawed and technology is prevalent. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury conveys a significant message through the contrasting tones he uses to describe Clarisse and Mildred.Bradbury uses a reverent, respectful tone to describe Clarisse, when Guy Montag sees her for the first time in the street as he walks home from work (3). The diction â€Å"slender† and â€Å"milk-white† portrays that Clarisse is young and innocent. These words create this feeling because one would normally associate slimness and a clear complexion with youth. The personification used in â€Å"gentle hunger† and â€Å"tireless curiosity† reveal the fact that Clarisse is inquisitive to the reader.The use of â€Å"gentle† and â€Å"tireless† allow the reader to see that Clarisse has a hunger for knowledge. The imagery â€Å"sliding walk† and â€Å"dress was white† creates an image of Clarisse’s demeanor and general appearance in the reader’s mind. Using these words also gives the reader the sense that Clarisse is pure, like an angel, because a sliding walk and white garments are associated with angels. Bradbury’s praising and positive tone shows that he strongly identifies with her personality.In contrast to the tone he uses when describing Clarisse, Bradbury uses a dull, monotonous tone to talk about Mildred when Guy Montag sees her as he walks into their bedroom shortly after his encounter with Clarisse (11). The metaphor â€Å"felt no rain† and â€Å"felt no shadow† compares rain and shadow to the feelings that Mildred does not feel. With this metaphor, Bradbury revea ls to the reader that Mildred is apathetic, unfeeling. The diction â€Å"tamped-shut ears† and â€Å"ears all glass† suggests to the reader that Mildred is oblivious to her surroundings.These words create the effect that Mildred does not see and hear what is going around in front of her. The simile â€Å"like a snow-covered island† compares Mildred’s face to a snow-covered island. This simile leaves the reader with the impression that Mildred’s face is pale, almost lifeless. Bradbury’s apathetic, negative tone shows that he does not approve of Mildred’s obliviousness and lifelessness. Bradbury uses an admiring, awed tone to describe Clarisse when Guy Montag is remembering his encounter with Clarisse (8).The simile â€Å"face like the dial of a small clock† compares Clarisse’s face with the dial of a small clock. Bradbury goes on to describe the clock as the type giving off light in the darkness in the middle of the night . This comparison conveys the idea that Clarisse represents good early on in the book. The simile â€Å"how like a mirror too, her face† emphasizes the fact that Clarisse’s demeanor in general makes Montag reflect on his actions, thoughts, and words. Bradbury is trying to relay the message that Clarisse has the type of personality that makes other people reflect upon themselves.The simile â€Å"like the eager watcher of a marionette show† compares Clarisse to an eager watcher of a marionette show through a simile. This simile demonstrates how perceptive Clarisse is. Bradbury’s tone of disbelief and awe shows his admiration of Clarisse’s character. In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury uses contrasting tones towards Clarisse and Mildred in order to convey his opinion that one should not blindly the beliefs that are presented to them. Bradbury strongly believes that we should constantly question the world around us.

International Migration to the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Migration to the UK - Essay Example This aspect will be an advantage of the usage of this method since the respondent may even give extra information that will make the interview more detailed and comprehensive. This method of data collection will be also imperative because the respondent will be able to give information about their values, attitudes, and opinions and they will be able to explain how they contextualize the issues that are contained in the interview. Another strength of the use of the in-depth semi-structured interview is that data can be collected from an informal atmosphere. This aspect will make the respondent be open, may give more information without fear and may disclose much detail that they cannot offer when the information is collected from a formal setting. This aspect makes the information that is obtained to be more detailed than the use of the interviews that require a formal setting. Finally, this method of data collection is flexible and as the interview is taking place the order of quest ions can be adjusted and may result in no conflict of the issues or inadequacy. However, this type of method of data collection has its shortcoming as it is used for the data collection. The major disadvantage is that the few interviews of this nature can be undertaken because each one of them takes a longer time to be completed. The other shortcoming of this method of study is the comparison of the information obtained from the in-depth semi-structured interviews is difficult since the answers to various questions are not ordered.

Construction and organisation management. Tendering and estimating Essay

Construction and organisation management. Tendering and estimating - Essay Example But now the situation is getting better and the CSN also stated that the industry will have a growth rate of 1.4% each year from 2011-14. Under such a recession that the medium and small contractors must restrategize themselves, their policies and their operating zones. As it is seen that the north parts of UK have seen massive downturn, and whereas other parts such as wales and London have seen growth due to important events such as Olympics and etc. It is to be noted that there are about 614 contracting companies working in the south east England which is the highest no of companies that work in any other region of UK, on the other hand there are about 511 contracting companies that operated in the London region. This statistics clearly show the high level of saturation in the market and the stiff competition to get projects. This fact the bidding process of L & H significantly, as L & H should go for the project which it has been invited for and at the same time it should be consc ious of the fact that cost analysis of the project should be done vigorously and carefully as new location of project can open new markets for the company as well as cause loss to the company due to in experience in that region. The solution I suggest for the problem is that L & H must go for the bidding process with its full strength and if it is successful in getting the project it must involve and hire the workers and form a team which consists of the local people as well as L & H old loyal workers. Personally I believe that if L & H gets the new work at even a small profit it should go for it, as the main focus of the company should be getting projects and sustaining itself in recession. Then another fact that is to be noted that the growth rate of construction industry is about 1.4% but the growth rate of the south east England is just 0.8% which clearly shows that the growth in this region is less and companies need to move out of the region to sustain their own growth. Then L & H must also view which type of project is it bidding for, it is to be noted that there is huge growth in some sectors of construction industry and there is huge decay in the others. It is suggested that the L & H should be looking forward in creating its good will and name in the public sector as it is the only sector having significant funding at the moment. Whereas on the other hand private sector is not any longer investing much as it is in process to recover itself from the recession and has no confidence on the returns. It is to be noted that infrastructure sector of the construction industry is growing immensely that is it is growing at a rate of more than 6.7 % and majority of the projects coming up are of Infrastructure, contrary to this is the housing sector which is badly struck and experience a decay of 3.9 %. So when L & H must be bidding and going for projects in infrastructure sector. Concluding the discussion if L & H is to survive in these difficult times of reces sion and have to sustain its own growth it has to take a certain level of risk which is to expand its operational area and work in areas where there is both growth and lesser competition. On the other hand it has to emerge itself as a mainstream public sector contractor which mains interest is working in infrastructure and development. b) Morale has been low on several sites in one area, communication and quality of work has suffered. Discuss It has been proved

Geopolitical Problems in 19th Century Europe Essay

Geopolitical Problems in 19th Century Europe - Essay Example The French Revolution has announced not only the individuals right to freedom and equality but also the right of nations to determine their own status. Wherever human rights and privileges were endangered under foreign rule, the requirement for freedom implied protection of national freedom from such foreign domination. The concept of the right to self-determination for the nations was served to justify the demands of stateless Eastern nations, including Poland, which lost its political freedom in the earlier centuries. This right should help to organize separate nation-states with their own governments including all their subjects. By 1815, nationalism has become one of the leading ideologies in the world. It was able to mobilize society in the transition to a capitalist economy, which led to an increase in the effectiveness of national states and the growth of their economic power. Young nations have also shown high efficiency with the military side. A professional army, consisting of subjects monarchs often suffered defeat from an untrained civilian militia. In the 19th century, the supporters of ethnic nationalism believed that national unity must be based on a common ethnic origin, also it was believed that those who have a different origin, by definition, cannot be part of the national culture . Europe in the 19th century had several large multinational empires such as Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czarist Russia, and Imperial Germany. Within these empires were existed numerous national minorities that feel oppressed, exploited and abused. Their reaction was resistance to a stronger and more powerful nationalism. However, in most countries of Central and Eastern Europe nationalism arose as a reaction to the French occupation and initially wore an expression of cultural-ethnic character. In particular, the revolutionary wave of 1848 originated pan-Slavism.

Virtual Project Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtual Project Management - Research Paper Example Despite the fact that project network is growing prevalence, little is known about it and how it can form the many problems within the circle of project management. Therefore, the study gives an extensive literature review that includes definitions of project networks and analysis the body of knowledge of project network. Introduction There is a marked rise in the number of firms that are regarded as being project oriented. Consequently there has been an increase in recognition of the effect of successful projects concerning the gain loss status. Virtual project network is defined as a small number of people with skills that complement who are committed equally to a common goal, purpose and work approach that they are mutually accountable (Zenun et al., 2007). These teams are often formed to overcome temporal and geographical barriers (Cascio and Shurygailo, 2003). Project networks work across barriers of time and space by using computer driven technologies. It covers a wide range of actions and working that is supported by technology (Anderson et al., 2007).The members of the virtual team are located in many different locations. This trait has forced extensive use of array of forms of communication that use the computer unit to enable the members that are physically dispersed, to co ordinate their inputs and hard work (Peter and Maz.2007). Project networks are defined by Gassmann and Von zedtwitz (2003b) as a set of citizens and sub-teams who act together in the course of the tasks that are interdependent , common purpose and work across licks that are strengthened by communication, information and transport technologies like video conferencing, email, telephone. Another suggestion is that they are distributed networks whose members are spread physically and whose work is synchronized predominantly using communication technologies like email, telephone and video conferencing and electronic information (Hertel et el. 2005). The degree of geographical dispersion within a project network team can contrast widely from one associate being located in a special location than others to each member being in his own location. (Staples and Zhao. 2006) We can distinguish different forms of project networks depending on the numbers of persons taking part and the level of interaction between them. One of them is timeworks’ which is done partly or fully out side the company’s place of work with the help of telecommunication and information services. Parallel teams who work within a short time to come up with recommendation for improving a development, project teams: carry out projects for users for a specific period, management teams: work associatively daily with a purposeful division. The first feature of that can be a problem in project management is quality. From the project owners, quality can be a challenge. The client or owner representative spends most of their time on the stewarding of the managers. This means that they could not be focusing on quality nearly as much as they could be. Rezgui (2007) investigates how efficient virtual teams are and any other type of virtual association, in the building sector and investigates the factors that persuade their successful adoption. May and Canter(2007) in this study of virtual network in the European automotive business have revealed that communication and teamwork between

FAMILY LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

FAMILY LAW - Essay Example Alternatively, you may also be eligible for a lump sum payment and an equitable distribution of assets on a mathematical basis, although the Court is likely to take into consideration the fact that your husband is the legal titleholder of the property you now live in. I present below, for your information, an assessment of ancillary relief that you may be eligible for in the event that you choose to divorce your husband. Firstly, I would like to bring to your notice that one of the objectives of modern law in the case of a breakdown of a marriage between two parties is to achieve a clean break and â€Å"encourage each to put the past behind †¦. and to begin a new life which is not overshadowed by the relationship which has broken down.†1 This would appear to be the best solution and perhaps in your case, after your discovery of your husband’s adultery, you may be keen to pursue a clean break from him and look for a financial settlement that would ensure such an end. However, in your case, there are two small children involved2, who are only six and two years old. The welfare of your children is at stake so the Court may not necessarily allow a clean break from your husband, since your children need continued maintenance and your husband, as the earning member of the family, will need to contribute monies towards their continued maintenance, as well as providing for your upkeep, especially if your primary function is that of taking care of your children. As a result, your husband as the earning parent will be responsible for paying maintenance to you for looking after the children3. In some instances the Courts have not allowed maintenance when a pressing need does not exist or where the parties are only cohabiting4, as was the case with your husband and Sandra Quartro. However in your case, since you are married and are employed full time in taking care of the children who are very small, you may be eligible for maintenance

Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Hamlet - Essay Example With this understanding in mind, the express focus of this brief analysis will be with regards to comparing William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† with Tom Stoppard’s â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead†. Rather than merely coming to the delineation that these two plays are from different eras and represent a specific and unique take upon the realities that define life, it is the hope of this author that the forthcoming analysis will be beneficial in helping the reader to understand specific dynamics of these plays, specific approaches of the authors, and a specific level of understanding with regards to the comparison and contrast that will be delineated. The very first element of comparison and contrast that should be made between these two plays is with regards to the differential in approach of norms and mores that define society, religious belief, and/or reality itself. For instance, Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† presents the reader w ith something of a unanimous and ordered society, uniform in its slot, religious beliefs, ideology, and business transactions (Javed 329). The hierarchy that is represented within the play is of course denoted with regards to the manner in which Hamlet acts as the ultimate freeman; able to define his own fate and that of his countrymen upon a whim. Moreover, religious belief is something that is uniform throughout Shakespeare’s play; with Hamlet and others oftentimes representing and unshaken belief that an afterlife and the purpose of the current life can be defined through a very strict Judeo-Christian norm. By means of comparison, â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead† is much more asymmetrical its approach. ... By means of comparison, â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead† is much more asymmetrical its approach. As such, a lack of religious faith, a destruction in the belief or understanding that social norms are acceptable and efficient in their application, and the integration of the fact that a vast level of irrational and ideological thought impacts the way in which decisions are made and humans interact with one another is evidenced at nearly every juncture (Lewis 611). By means of contrast of the simplistic understanding of religion and social order exhibited in Hamlet, the social order and religious conviction that are exhibited in â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead† is far different. Ultimately, an erosion of conviction, a lack of faith, a plurality of society, and the belief that diversity rather than uniformity is the greatest means of empowerment. With regards to style and form, it can also be noted that â€Å"Hamlet† is a classical drama; refe rencing a discernible shape, beginning, midpoint, and in. As such, as a result of the fact that the preceding elements of the plot demand a level of conclusion, the reader is left to understand that action is required within the conclusion as a means of rectifying this tension. However, by means of comparison, the irrationality and the loss of sense of control that â€Å"Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead† exhibits and denotes an underlying lack of confidence with regards to the way in which the plot will be resolved. Further, a unique level of differential also exists with regards to the representation of man in both place (Nejad 59). Whereas men are represented within

Writing Deficiencies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing Deficiencies - Article Example The researchers assert that teachers in classroom can help students develop better writing skills through the method of modified sentence combining technique. In this technique errors figured out in specific sentences are informed to the students and then the teachers provide information regarding how these errors can be eliminated and reduced. Researchers even assert that if teachers start giving importance to sentences while grading students, sentence structuring will become better as students will learn about the errors they have made. Researchers even assert that teachers have to act as grammar police and the only way students can learn how to write in an appropriate manner is if teachers help students correct their grammatical errors and sentence formation errors at school and formal education level. The researchers believe that if students are not helped in solving the issue of writing deficiency, they may add up to the cost of organizations they work for as they may poist a ne gative image of the organization and their productivity levels will decline if they have to reread any business related

Tourism in the peak district national park Essay Example for Free

Tourism in the peak district national park Essay Tourism in the peak district national park- case study, MEDC The peak district national park introduction The peak district is in the north of England and is the oldest national park in Britain. The park has two main areas;   The white peak, mostly in the south is a large plateau of carboniferous lime stone To the west and north lie the dark peaks, a highland area which is more than 609m above sea level, covered by a layer of sand stone In 1951, the Peak District National Park became the first National Park in Britain. It covers 1438 square kilometres (555 square miles) of beautiful countryside from high (636m) windblown moorlands in the north to green farmland and tranquil dales in the south. The diversity of habitats and wealth of wildlife they support make the region of international importance What are the attractions of the national park?   Honey- pot sites like certain villages   The scenery is of outstanding beauty   Boating, fishing and water sports   Cycling, riding. Hang gliding and four-wheel motoring   Sense of remoteness, quite enjoyment of nature Unique biodiversity   Distinctive character of buildings and settlements. Historic buildings, gardens and parks   Easy accessibility from surrounding areas, close to major cities   The Peak District is valued for its cultural heritage including stone circles, ancient hill forts, medieval castles, mills, lead mines and miles of drystone walls. Who visits the national park? The Peak District National Park is surrounded by many large cities (see map above) and is easily accessible to the 15. 7 million people that living within 60 miles of the boundary. Most visitors come from Derbyshire (14%), South Yorkshire (13%), Cheshire (12%) and the other Counties that are partly within the National Park.  22million people visit the national park each year and most of these are day tourists.   International   National   Day trippers What is the national parks policy on tourism?   to conserve and enhance their natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage   to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of their special qualities. With regard to tourism and recreation, the Authority has recognised there is a need to:   provide for those seeking quiet enjoyment of the National Park through promoting quiet active recreation, such as walking, cycling etc. Achieve a more even spread of visits over the year the tourism market is very seasonal and many places are overcrowded in the summer and very quiet in winter.   increase the number of staying visitors (who stay one or more nights) as they spend more money and so help support the many small businesses that depend on tourism.   reduce the number of visits made by car in all parts of the National Park, efforts are being made to encourage greater use of public transport with extra bus services and special routes serving popular honeypot areas. Promote understanding of the special qualities of the Peak District to visitors.   maximise local social and economic benefits. The parks sustainable tourism strategy is; 1. to increase visitor spend and maximise the local benefits of that spend 2. to encourage visitors to stay longer 3. to encourage visits throughout the year 4. to attract new visitors (with potential spending power) where appropriate 5. to reduce dependency on the car when visiting the area 6. to deliver for local people and not just visitors 7. to conserve the landscape, including the towns and villages, and their special qualities 8. To enhance visitor enjoyment and understanding of the market towns and rural areas 9. to ensure that the traditional enjoyment of the Peak District will be more accessible to a wider range of people 10. to encourage best use of existing resources Benefits of tourism More tourist related jobs and contribution to the economy   Increased income   Increased local services   Encouragement to preserve historic buildings and sites Continuation of traditional crafts   Tourists come to local charity events and spend money Problems with tourism   Footpath erosion. Many valuable eco-systems like water meadows and moorland areas have been harmed   Archaeological features lost due to changes in farming conditions i. e. farmers introducing drainage systems.   Increased numbers of people arriving by car. 90% of the 20million people living within an hours drive come by car   Road traffic within the park has grown by over 60%   Tourists leaving gates open and farm animals escaping   Higher pollution, congestion and parking difficulties   Tourists less considerate and drop litter Services are put in place for them like cafes and restaurants which ruin the scenery Inconsiderate parking   Local birds living on moorland areas are driven out of their homes   Livestock can be killed by dogs not kept on leads How can tourism be managed? Active recreation;   A cycle hire scheme and special routes along disused railway lines or traffic free roads has been provided at 4 centres (Parsley Hay, Upper Derwent, Ashbourne and Waterhouses) with around 55,000 hirings per year.   There are 55 reservoirs of over 2 hectares in area in the National Park. Fishing is allowed on twelve of these and sailing on five of them. There is a gliding centre at Great Hucklow, and several sites for hang gliding eg. at Mam Tor and Stanage. There are 14 stables with horses for hire in and around the Peak District. Providing accommodation;   65% of visits to the Peak District National Park are day visits, the remainder being visits by people staying on holiday (4. 8 nights on average).   A range of accommodation is provided for staying visitors: camping and caravan sites (114 authorised sites with authorisation for 4,646 caravans and 891 tents), 13 camping barns, 13 Youth Hostels and Bed Breakfast in a large number of private houses, pubs or hotels. The 1998 Visitor Survey showed that staying visitors spend on average i 21-26/day compared with day visitors who spend an average of i 7. 30/day in the Park Traffic control;   The South Pennines Integrated Transport Strategy (SPITS) has been devised by the Peak District National Park Transport Forum to control visitor traffic over the next 20 years.   The Hope Valley Community Rail Partnership aims to encourage the use of buses and trains within this popular valley. Work includes publicity and marketing, enhanced service levels, special events, walks and local arts promotions Footpath management;   The Pennine Way, the most popular long distance path and with the greatest erosion problems, has been paved for most of its length within the Park. This has prevented further erosion and has led to the re-vegetation of previously eroded peat.   Dovedale is a honeypot area where the footpath through the dale can be used by up to 1,000 people an hour. A better path has been constructed to cope with this heavy pressure. A Local Countryside Access Forum has been set up to explore how the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 can be implemented in the Peak District with the potential to open up a further 18000ha of land for public use. Ranger services; The Peak District National Park Authority Ranger Service provides information and advice to visitors and local communities and resolves immediate problems created by visitor pressure. The Rangers carry out practical countryside work and provide rescue services. Conservation Volunteers help with wildlife conservation and practical maintenance.

Online Food Catering Essay Example for Free

Online Food Catering Essay When I first began this project, I though that I would do the normal pasta and add the cheapest sauce I could find, but then I thought â€Å"why make something typical, when I could make something that reflects my culture and is cheap†. So I did just that. I went and researched online â€Å"Arab peasant food† and came up with mixed bean soup. Some of the main challenges I faced was keeping the meal under the budget. This was especially difficult because if I add more spice, it will become too expensive, but if I don’t I will have a lot of money left over. In the end I bought some popsicles for desert(which wouldn’t be a good idea in the 30’s because the lower class didn’t have freezers). The last and probably the hardest challenge I faced was getting my family to eat my dinner. During this project I realized how tough it must be to try to think of and execute something that supports your health but is also at such a low cost. When I interviewed my family members they had some vry interesting views that I didn’t expect. My father was happy with the meal and thought it suited the assignment very well though he had some critiques of the flavor of the dish. He also stated that he â€Å"would eat the dish for long periods of time if necessary, but after more than a couple days, I would choose another dish if possible. He also said that if we were to save a couple bucks we would eat less fresh foods and no fruits or veggies. † My brother was a bit less open minded and said that the soup was very bland and â€Å"boring† and that people in the great depression â€Å"couldn’t live with horrible food like this. The healthiness of this meal is fairly good, with the exception of the popsicles. The beans provided exceptional nutritional value with high concentrations of protein and lots of fats and starch in the pasta. If I would have to live like this for a long time, I would probably get sick of it, but if it the only thing available to eat, I could cope. If a present day depression were to occur, my family would probably sell all UNNESSEARY items and downgrade on items we must have. Within this period I would feel as if my government has betrayed me and I was â€Å" left for the wolves†.

Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad Proton

Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad Proton The company that is discussed in this essay is Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Berhad (Proton) which is an automotive company that was founded in Malaysia on 1983. The company experienced increase in revenue from the year 2007 to 2011 and the sales of its cars is a major factor affecting revenue. Motivation level can affect sales performance, but it would not be the only factor. The goal of this essay is to explore the motivation level of Protons sales department in comparison with other factors affecting sales. Hence, the research question that arises is To what extent does the motivation level of Proton Berhads sales department affects its sales revenue? The methodology revolves around the use of survey among the Protons sales department staff and followed with an interview with one of the head of the sales department. Using the data obtained, motivation level of the staff is assessed using Herzberg Two-Factor Theory while the other factors affecting sales are assessed using PEST analysis. The conclusion was that Proton had implemented measures that help to motivate its employees, but there is a limit to how effective can motivation level affects sales as there are other factors involved such as quality and brand perception. The unresolved issue would be regarding the need of Proton to improve its quality and increase its employees motivation at the same time. 1.0 Introduction Issues regarding employees motivation had been one of the main focus of an organization as motivation can affect a certain company in many ways. Based on the book An Integrated Approach to Business Studies by Bruce R. Jewell, motivation can be defined as a factor or an influence that can drive people to behave in a certain way  [1]  . For a company, they would need a motivated workforce if they want their employees to sell well. The company in question here is Perusahaan Otomobil National Berhad(Proton) which is an automotive company that was founded on the year 1983  [2]  . Its product mix includes various categories of cars ranging from sedan, compact cars, hatchback, multi-purpose vehicle, and microvan  [3]  . Along its years of operations, Proton had been the target of scrutiny from the general public especially regarding its sales as there are criticisms to its sales  [4]  and after sales service  [5]  . One factor that can affect quality of sales service is motivation. Thus, the intention of this essay is to explore whether the motivation level of the Protons sales department had been a crucial factor affecting the companys sales revenue? Besides that, this essay would also discuss on how other factors could also affect sales revenue for Proton and how other factors could compare with motivation level in terms of its effects to sales revenue. From the questions that arise, the research question was formulated as follow:- To what extent does the motivation level of Proton Berhads sales department affects its sales revenue? 2.0 Methodology 2.1Data collection The main purpose of data collection for this particular essay is to measure the motivation level of Protons sales department. Thus, primary research had been carried for the sole purpose of measuring the motivation level of the employees. The two chosen methods were surveys and interviews. As stated before, with the data obtained, a qualitative deductive will be made to see how high or low the motivation of Protons employee. To deduce, the content theories regarding motivation used is Herzbergs Two-factor theory. 2.1.1*Details of Survey* A survey was designed in order to uncover information regarding the motivation of Protons sales department and the number of respondents was 15 people from the Enterprise Sales Team and R3 Sales Team which are a part of the sales department of Proton. The surveys question and its respective data are shown in Appendix 1. 2.1.2*Details of Interview* The interview was done with Mr. Hj. Roslan Hj. Mohamed which is currently the head of Eneterprise Sales Department of Proton. The interview question and its answers are shown in Appendix 2. 2.2 Analysis The analysis in this essay mainly revolves around the correlation between the motivations levels of Protons employees with its sales revenue. The findings will be discussed so that the extent to which the motivation level affects the sales revenue can be seen clearly. The next step is to see other factors that may be involved which can affect sales. To do this, Political Economy Social Technology (PEST) analysis will be carried out so that we can see the external factors that surround Proton. Further discussion will be carried out in order to see how big do the factors affect Protons sales revenue, and compare it with the internal factor which is the motivation level of employees. The end result would be a conclusion that will include suggestions and an unresolved issue. A simple 4 step flow can be seen below:- 3.0Main findings and analysis Determining the motivation level:- 3.1 Application of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory Based on Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, there are two aspects that define motivation which are the hygiene needs and motivators  [6]  . Fulfilling hygiene needs prevents employees from being dissatisfied while having motivators will ensure satisfaction of employees. This theory is chosen to determine the motivation level of Protons employees because of the two aspects mentioned that is evident in their working environment. Above is a table outlining the hygiene needs and motivators as outlined by Herzberg  [7]  . To determine the motivation level of the employees in Protons sales department, most of the points in the table will be discussed based on the findings. 3.1.1 HYGIENE NEEDS Relationship with supervisor Protons sales department employees feel that their supervisor listen to them and most felt that they are involved in the decision making process. They also feel that their supervisor give moderate attention to their work and most feel that their supervisor expectation of them is good in which it corresponds to their actual potential. Yet, some felt that their supervisors are bias in their work with some claiming that there is presence of so-called bosss pets and also gender biasness. Working conditions The employees of Protons sales department felt that the working condition is normal at best rather than good. Most felt that it is normal in their working condition to get positive feedback and constructive criticism. Still, some felt that office politics is present thus it could be a source of unhappiness regarding the working conditions. Salary It was found that the salary is high. This is due to the presence of many types of commission that helps to increase the payments received by employees such as finance commission, model-based commission, accessory commission, and insurance commission. 3.1.2MOTIVATORS Achievement Proton promotes the desire to achieve for their sales department by having seasonal monthly campaign. Employees will be given an incentive for achieving the target for a specific sales campaign. Recognition In Proton, the form of recognition comes in the form of a club membership that celebrates sales personnel who had sold 100 cars. Advancement Opportunities for advancement exist for Proton since it was found that an employee can advance into a sales manager in just 5 years. Growth Most of the employees agree that growing their knowledge and having opportunities for self-development is highly important for them but it can be seen that most of them thinks that the opportunities for self-development is not high but still present in the company. The presence of growth opportunities will lead to higher satisfaction for the employee. ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION LEVEL Based on Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, to ensure employees are motivated, it is better to address the hygiene needs and then focus on the motivators. For Proton, the company had in a way provided a moderate working condition and the supervisors are having good relationship with their subordinates. These two factors fulfill the hygiene needs and reduce dissatisfaction in the sales department. Aside from that, the salary structure which is high also contributes to lower dissatisfaction for the employees. Although we cant say for sure that the dissatisfaction is completely addressed by Proton, but we can deduce that Proton had fulfilled some of the hygiene needs thus lowering the dissatisfaction among employees. For the motivators, Proton had also provided ample motivators for the sales department. We can see that Proton had provided its employees with adequate opportunities for them to receive proper achievement, recognition, advancement and growth. The presence of the motivators mention ed helps to promote satisfaction for the employees in the sales department. As a result, Proton had fulfilled the hygiene needs and provided motivators for its employees. It is hard to see whether the employees are highly motivated or not but from the discussion, it would be better if we deduce that the employees in Protons sales department is coined as motivated due to the low dissatisfaction and adequate satisfaction. 3.2 Establishing the relationship between motivation level and sales revenue Graph of growth of Protons revenue from 2007 until 2011 (Appendix 3) Judging from the graph, Protons revenue had improved for 5 years straight. As company that make cars, most of Protons revenue would come from the sales of their cars thus that is why the sales department plays a crucial role to ensure better sales. We had found before that the employees in the sales department are motivated because of the way Proton had addressed the hygiene needs and motivators. Due to the fact that the employees are motivated, it can be seen that their motivation level correlates with the increase in revenue. A motivated employee would definitely perform better when at work thus there would be higher sales compared to an unmotivated employee. As a conclusion, we could see that the motivation level had contributed to the increase to revenue. Yet, the underlying question here would be the need to establish the limit in which motivation level plays a role to the increase in revenue. Thus, the following questions could come into play:- 1. Are there any other significant factors that contribute to sales? 2. How about the state of the country Proton is in? Does it affect the sales? 3. Are there any outside factors, which are out of Protons control that contributes to greater motivation among employees? Thus, in order to uncover the extent to which motivation level plays a role, the next step would be to find the factors that affect Proton sales and determine its significance in comparison to the motivation level of Protons sales department. Determining the extent to which motivation level affects the revenue of Proton 3.3 Application PEST Analysis The use of PEST analysis is crucial in order to see the environment Proton is situated in. The findings would be analyzed regarding their significance to Protons revenue. Political Government discards protectionist policy  [8]   High excise duty for imported cars  [9]   Economy Low loan approval rate by Bank Negara Malaysia  [10]   Social Low average wage per individual  [11]   Technology Appearance of hybrid cars in Malaysia  [12]   POLITICAL Government discards protectionism with Proton thus removing Protons exclusivity in the automotive industry If a company is backed by the government, the cost of operation can be considerably lessened as there would be injection of funds by the government. This would ensure that the company can sell its products cheaper, thus garnering an increase in revenue. But what would happen if a company was stripped off from being protected by the government? For Proton, when there is no more protectionism by the government, the company would need to stand by its own thus it needs to channel its cost to their products. This will make the price of its cars higher. Still, if we look at the revenue, Protons revenue still increases despite the hike in prices. This shows that the removal of protectionism doesnt really affect Protons sales and the possible reason for this is either Proton had improved its quality or there are other factors that promote sales. High excise duty for imported cars Excise duty is one of the major factors that affect a cars price. In Malaysia, the excise duty for imported cars is imported as high thus increasing the prices of imported cars. National carmakers such as Proton and Perodua are at an advantage in terms of pricing because they can provide lower priced cars as compared to their foreign competitors. For Proton, its cars which are considered cheaper than imported cars would prompt price-sensitive consumer to buy their cars thus increasing their cars considerably. ECONOMY Low hire-purchase approval rate by Bank Negara Malaysia Bank Negara Malaysia is the national bank of Malaysia and it regulates the hire-purchase approval rate in Malaysia. Recently, the approval rate for hire-purchase differs from a carmaker to another, and for Proton it is rated as low. Not every customer can pay the full price of cars in the early stage of buying thus they would resort to hire-purchase. When the hire-purchase approval rate is low for Proton, customers cannot buy Proton cars thus they would proceed to other carmakers which has higher hire-purchase approval rate. Thus, this would reduce Proton sales. SOCIAL Low average wage per individual The worlds average wage is approximately RM 4440 ($1480) which is a stark difference compared to Malaysias average wage which is RM 1500 ($500). Due to the low wages, Malaysians wouldnt have enough purchasing power thus they would gravitate towards buying low priced products in order to save cost and sustain their living. Protons cars which are cheaper than imported cars would be a fine choice for most Malaysians thus this would contribute to more sales for Proton hence contributing to an increase in revenue. Yet, with the Economic Transformation Initiative carried out by the government, Proton would be threatened because the program was intended to increase the nationals average wage from RM 1500 ($500) to RM 4000 ($ 1333) which is closer to the worlds average wage. If the government initiative reached its goals, the purchasing powers of Malaysian would increase thus they would have a wide range of cars that is feasible for them to purchase. TECHNOLOGY Appearance of hybrid cars As the world is moving towards less use of fossil fuels in everyday lives due to pollution, hybrid cars is invented to cater for the environmentally conscious consumers. Aside from that, hybrid cars would save consumers a hefty sum of money because consumers would need to depend less and less on petroleum which is infamous for its constant rice of price. The appearance of hybrid cars in Malaysia and the governments incentive for Malaysians to buy hybrid cars is a probable factor that can affect Protons sales. Still, hybrid cars is still not many in Malaysia thus it would not be a major factor affecting Protons car sales yet. Other factors that affects Protons sales but outside the scope of PEST analysis PEST analysis is limited in the way it restricts the analysis of environment surrounding Proton towards political, economy, social, and technology. In reality, there are other factors affecting sales for Proton that should be considered. The factors could be internal or external and some of them have an effect to employees motivation. Before we discuss even further, look at the list of the factors below:- Quality of Protons cars Banks interest rate*  [13]   Pricing of used car market* Marketing methods Relationship between sales and after-sales Discussing the factors Quality of Proton cars Quality of products is undeniably one of the greatest factors affecting the sales of a product. With high quality, some product can even exist without the need of extensive marketing because there will be word of mouth, which is a great marketing method. Regarding Proton, the quality of its cars is questionable.. Aside from that, Protons car is also perceived as inferior and low quality as compared to its competitors especially carmakers from Europe, Japan and Korea. Thus, the quality of Protons cars is a huge factor affecting sales and it should be taken into great consideration when discussing about Protons sales. In term of employees motivation, the quality of Protons cars can affect its employees motivation level. It is a common knowledge that if you want to sell something, it would be best to sell the best to consumers. Why? This is because when we sell something that is high in quality; we would feel confident selling it because we know that our customers would love it once they use it. This is also true for the case of Proton. If the employees in the sales department of Proton know that the car they are selling is perceived as inferior and low quality, they would feel less motivated because they arent confident that their customer is receiving a good car. This is a good example of Expectancy Theory in which if sales personnel of Proton perceive that no matter how much effort they put into selling, they would know that the rewards will be far from their grasp. This is because even if their selling effort is great, they would not be rewarded with a successful sale of a car because they woul d feel that customers would probably not buy a low quality car no matter how good they are in trying to sell it. This shows how employees performance is also affected by the quality of products they are selling. Banks interest rate Banks interest rate for each car brand is different and will continuously change. If the interest rate for Proton is high, car prices will be high and customers will be more reluctant to buy, thus causing low sales. The opposite would happen if interest rate is low. The changes to interest will also affect the sales department employees. For example, a high interest rate would make car prices high and they would feel less motivated or confident selling the car. Pricing of used car market Pricing of used car market for a particular car brand also changes over time. If a particular car has high price in the used car market, the user of that car would be inclined to sell his car especially if the car is outdated. The opposite would happen if the price of a car is low in the used car market. For Protons employees, it was reported that they would feel more motivated selling a car to a customer who is seeking to replace their car which had been sold off as used car. This group of customers is called as the replacement buyers. Employees would feel motivated because it is easier for them to make the sale because cars are essential in everyday life and replacement buyers would feel greater need to buy a car as compared to buyers who already own a car. Motivation will convert to performance thus there would be higher sales. Marketing methods Proton marketing method revolves mostly on having direct contact with the public which is their prospect such as having activities in the showroom and shopping complex that involves the participation of the public. It is reported that the sales department employees like the direct marketing method because they like the contact with the public. Direct method of marketing is unquestionably a good way for marketing and can boost sales but for the case of Proton, the most evident benefits would be the increase to the sales department employees morale, thus there would be an increase in sales due to increased performance. Relationship between the sales team and the after-sales team The after-sales team of Proton is reported of providing low quality service to its customers and it could affect customers perception towards the brand. Still, the most important aspect about the after sales team is the relationship between the after-sales team and the sales team which is really crucial especially with regards to the sales team motivation. Sales personnel would be motivated especially during the act of selling if they know that whenever there is a problem after the customers bought the product; they can be confident that the after-sales team can handle it. For the case of Proton which has low quality after-sales service, we can probably deduce that the sales team motivation level will be affected because of low confidence towards the competency of the after-sales team. Conclusion We had started by acknowledging that the sales department of Proton is motivated based on the use of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory and the fact that the revenue increases from 2007 2011 shows that motivation did indeed prove to be a contributor to the revenue of Proton. The question that we need to really discuss is the extent to which motivation really plays a role to contribute to revenue, thus other factors that affect sales must be discovered. It was finally found that there are many factors that affected the sales of Proton and some such as the high excise duties and quality of Proton cars seemed to be a really major factor that affects sales. Thus, it can be concluded that motivation level of Protons sales department is a factor that affects sales but it is not the greatest factor. If Proton were to employ measures that can continuously improve its employees motivation, sales would increase but until a certain point when an increase of motivation wont increase the sales. This is because of the mentioned major factors such as Protons car qualities that hinder sales growth significantly. To really improve its sales revenue, there are some issues that Proton must address. External Factors Internal Factors 4.1 Issues and suggestion on how to handle it From the above diagram, we can see how the factors affecting Protons sales are sorted into internal factors and external factors. Proton should consider focusing on the internal factors because it is the factors that Proton can really control and directly improve. Thus, there are three issues that is internal for Proton and suggestions are given on how Proton can address the issues below:- 1. Product quality The quality of Protons cars is an issue that Proton should focus on addressing because customers decision to buy are mostly affected by quality. In order to improve its quality, one of the measures Proton could employ is improving its quality control method so that no inferior cars are produced. Aside from that, Proton should also maximise the benefits of owning Lotus by ensuring better technology transfer with Lotus and also devise more training that is catered to help Protons engineers to learn more from Lotus. 2. After-sales team quality The quality of after-sales is important in order to retain customers loyalty. If Proton doesnt improve its after-sales quality, customers will think lowly of the brand thus it would affect sales. It was found that Proton had made a fine decision by giving out proper training to its after-sales team recently but another factor that might affect the after-sales team quality is the salary of the after-sales team which is below industrys average. To counter the issue, Proton should either negotiate with its after-sales team or consider giving better wages or perks. 3. Employees motivation Although it was found that the employees of the sales department are motivated, yet there is still so much more Proton could do to really increase employees motivation. In Proton, there are issues that Proton should tackle such as biasness and lack of guidance in order to make the working environment a better place. Proton should also consider reviewing the Herzberg Two-Factor Theory so that the company can how it can reduce dissatisfaction even further aside from increasing satisfaction in the long run. A final note Although suggestions are given, only Proton knows best how it can improve itself because its internal issues can be tackled best from within their company. The unresolved issue here would be the issue regarding how Proton can really improve its products quality and at the same time increase its employees motivation so that more sales can be gained. If Proton were to devise a way to tackle the issue, then sales would definitely increase as a result. Word count : 3852 Bibliography 1. Chedet.cc 2. CLARKE, P. (2009). IB business and management course companion. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 3. Corporate.proton.com 4. En.wikipedia.org 5. Freemalaysiatoday.com 6. HAGEMANN, G. (1992). The motivation manual. Aldershot, Gower. 7. JEWELL, B. R. (1993). An integrated approach to business studies. London, Pitman. 8. KREITNER, R. (1983). Management. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 9. Malaysia-chronicle.com 10. Paultan.org 11. Reganrajan.com 12. Thestar.com.my Appendix 2 Hj Roslan Hj Mohamed Head, direct and government sales operation Enterprise Sales Department ([emailprotected])Interview What is the reward package provided by Proton for its sales department employees? Generally, our reward package is similar with most companies. But, the main focus of employees when joining Proton would be the salary and commission structure of the company. Can you give a more detailed explanation about the salary and commission that you previously mentioned? I will be glad to. There are two basic positions the sales department non-executive (sales advisor) and executive (management). The non-executive or the sales advisor starts with a basic salary of RM300++. Sales advisor is similar to sales personnel and their remuneration lies within their commission is plentiful. There are 5 types of commission which are model-based commission, used car commission, financing commission, accessory commission, and insurance commission. There are also monthly and quarterly volume commissions. The executive or the management also has their own commission but the commission depends on the group they are managing. Essentially if his group succeeds, the executive will succeed too. What is the average payment that the sales advisor would receive each month? The amount is quite hefty. The average payment for sales advisors is usually RM7000 which is quite high. Is there any form of recognition sales advisors would receive after selling many cars? Yes, there is. It is called Club 100, which is an achievement club for sales advisor who achieved 100 sales. There are many benefits for the sales advisor who is a member of Club 100 such as having their own parking space. Is there any sales campaign held by Proton? Yes, there is and you could say that the sales campaign is one of the events that really motivate a sales advisor. A typical seasonal sales campaign would involve selling unpopular models. Any sales advisor who sold an unpopular model would be given a monthly incentive and that is the reason why they are eager to achieve success when a seasonal sales campaign comes. What do you think are some factors affecting motivation of a sales advisor? Well, there is a lot. One of them would be having many model ranges because sales advisor enjoy their work when they have many selection of cars that they can advise their customer to buy. Other than that, sales advisors love to sell zero problem cars which are top-notch and high quality. This is because they will feel excited selling it aside from not having to deal with customers complaints afterwards. They feel that it is hard to manage complaints about qualities because it is not they who design it. Lastly, sales advisor love selling new models too. How about the economy? Does it affect sales? Banks interest rate plays a big role here. When interest for car is high, people would definitely exercise caution before buying thus sales would be low and vice versa. You can see that when interest is low, sales advisors would be motivated because more people are inclined to buy thus increasing their chances of increasing their income. Talking about car prices, aside from interest, the pricing in the used car market also affects sales. For the public, when the price for used cars is high for their model, they would be inclined to sell it at that time so that they can buy new models. This group of people is called the replacement buyers which are the customers who buy a product in order to replace their previous items which had been sold off. You could say that when a specific model has high trade-in value in the used car market, people would be inclined to sell their cars and buy a new one to replace their own. A sales advisor would be motivated to sell cars when they know that the customers they are serving are replacement buyers. How about the leadership in the sales department of Proton? We apply autocratic way of leading as a way to manage employees in the staff department. This is what we call as the best practice approach because other leadership style is not suitable. Being autocratic doesnt mean that we need to compromise relationship between manager and the sales advisor. In Proton, sales advisors performance is closely monitored and they must sell a minimum of 6 units or they will be deeming as under perf