Government Funding For The Arts Essay -- essays research papers fc

Government Funding for the Arts     The National Endowment for the Arts is a government sponsored foundation.The duty of the National Endowment for the Arts is to foster the growth of thearts evenly through the national, state, and local levels of the country. Withall of the budget slashing that is nowadays taking place the arts is the first placethat people looking to take money from. This not only happens on the nationallevel merely also in our schools. Many people dont see the arts as important.It is the most important thing that our society has.     Art, in each and every soma that it comes in, shows us who we are. Ourpictures that we paint, our songs which we compose, our theater for which wewrite, act, and dance for, our buildings which we design, as a whole, explainsour culture. Future historians will look back at these things and judge us byour accomplishments in these areas. When we look back in history, we recall itthrough the gr eatest past achievements in art the Sistine Chapel, the greatpyramids of Egypt, Tchaikovskys 1812 Overture, and the works of Plato.Shouldnt we be able to show feats just as grand?     Most Americans do agree with me. In 1992, a study called the "Americansand the Arts VI" was conducted it ended with these results* 60% of the people rear the federal support of the arts.* 63% of the people support the states support of the arts.* 84% of...

Sumthn Called Music :: essays research papers

Punk Music in North America November 7th From Yesteryear to Here Punk medicament is a unique form of harmony which incorporates heavy, raw and distorted guitars intricate, deep sounding bass lines high paced, pounding drum beats and vocals that catapult ideologies of a world run by anarchy. Punk is a form of underground music which appeals to people who are either bored or dissatisfied with the bureau the world works. In The Merriam Webster Dictionary the definition of the word punk is a young inexperienced person or a petty hoodlum.1 This is the typical stump which is associated with punk. This definition is far too vague and neglects to mention that punk is also a form of music. Punk is a relatively new form of music in the music world that originated out of New Yorks club slam in the mid sixties. Ed Sanders and Tuli Kupferberg were 2 members of a band called the Fugs. These two men played a very important role in the open upation of punk music. They often performed in a ba r called Dom which could be found in the basement of a night club called The Electric Circus. They tried to get their music played in other clubs but it was usually spurned due to the controversial and offensive subject matter that they used in their music. The Fugs refused to change their style because their originality was really all they had going for them. The band did however cope to influence other bands to go punk.2 More and more bands in New York started to follow this new trend of underground music. The styles of these spawning bands followed the obscene and offensive style of the Fugs. Bands such(prenominal) as Dave Peel and the Lower East Side and Velvet Underground were bands that were greatly inspired by the Fugs. The punk scene also exploded in Detroit. Iggy Pop, former drummer for the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, started the band known as the Stooges. The Stooges were a very unusual and outrageous band. Their live performances often left their audiences in idolatry due to the strangeness of Iggy Pops actions on microscope stage. He would contort and mutilate his body, and he was the first member of a band to attempt stage diving. The Stooges were the first actual band in North America used to describe punk music.3 The question that surfaced amongst people who were not in the punk scene was, Why?

Imagery In John Donnes The Bro Essay -- essays research papers

Imagery in &8220The distressed HeartJohn Donnes&8217 poem &8220The Broken Heart is full of stunt womanry, used to portray his broken heart. Donne uses the imagery so we can get a visual picture of what love means to him. He uses the imagery because it&8217s necessary to see a picture of the pain he lives with. Donne uses several aspects of imagery, including death to show his grief and Donne also does uses despair to display his pain.The image of death was used throughout the poem. &8220&8230Love so soon decays, meaning that love so quickly dies. If you cut a flower and do non put it in water it will quickly wither and die. Another image of death would be the plague. A plague is a widespread indisposition that causes thousands of people to die. The plague is also synonymous with suffering. Donne writes that he has &8220had the plague a year, by writing this Donne has been deathly ill for what he thinks is a year. Love, to Donne is something that you think close to for a long t ime so, therefore, it seems that you have loved someone for that long but in reality it is only a short period of time. correspond to Donne, love is very powerful and causes the widespread destruction to thousands.Donne also uses the image of despair and depression. In the second stanza, he says &8220Ah, what a trifle is a heart, if at once into lo...

Technology & Film Essay -- Film Cinema Movies

Technology & Film Technology has had a huge usurpation on the world, especially the film industry. It has had a long past and as the engineering advances, it becomes more and more realistic. It all began with the first machine patented in the unite States that showed animated pictures or movies. It was called the wheel of life or zoopraxiscope and was patented in 1867 by William Lincoln. Moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit in the zoopraxiscope. However, modern motion picture making began with the invention of the motion picture camera. Frenchman Louis Lumiere is usually credited with the creation of the first motion picture camera in 1895, but several others were invented around the same time. What Lumiere invented was a portable motion picture camera, film processing unit and a projector called the Cinematography, all three functions in hotshot invention. This made motion pictures very popular and it is in any case known as beginning the motio n picture era. In 1895, Lumiere and his brother were the first to sit projected, moving, photographic pictures to a paying audience of more than one person. However, they were also not the first to project film. In 1891, the Edison Company successfully demonstrated the Kinetoscope which allowed one person at a time to view moving pictures. Also in 1896, he showed the improved Vitascope projector and it was the first commercially successful projector in the United States. These inventions lead the way to even more discoveries. The early films that were produced were short, grainy, grayscale and silent but technology improved. The debute of The Jazz Singer (1927) in New York had the first words intercommunicate in a feature film by Al Jolson. He sai... ...ors long-dead could be digitally produced. If this is so, then the question is raised of who controls the use and profits from their work. It also raises many ethical issues. Overall, technology in the film in dustry has come a long way and it has brought many exciting and helpful inventions for film. However, with new technology also brings some issues and questions for the future of the film industry. Works CitedBellis, Mary. The History of the Motion Picture. The New York Times Company. 2005. http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmotionpictures.htm Parsons, June J. and Oja, Dan. data processor Concepts 8th Edition. United States Course Technology, 2006. Computer Generated Imagery. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. 12 Dec 2005. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery

Suicide :: essays research papers

Suicide As I researched suicide I found that the numbers atomic number 18 staggering. Suicide is the ninth lead cause of death in the US, with 31,204 deaths recorded in 1995. It was at number eight on the list in 1998, and as the numbers are steadily increasing it threatens to move up the list. This approximates to around one death every seventeen minutes. There are more suicides than homicides from each one year in the United States. In 1993, the suicide rate was 11.3/100,000. Two-thirds of all suicides under the age of 25 were committed with firearms (accounting for most of the increase in suicides from 1980 to 1992). The guerrilla most common method was hanging, third was poisoning. 61% of all suicides involve firearms.From 1952 to 1992 suicides among teens nearly tripled. Today, it is the third leading cause of death for teenagers aged 15-19 ( afterward motor vehicle accidents and unintentional injury). Suicide is increasing, particularly for teens and for those over 65.In young people, the suicide rate is relatively low (13.5/100,000 in 1993), but it is still a leading cause of death. In older people, the suicide rate is very high, but it is not a leading cause of death (in white males over 85, the suicide rate in 1993 was 73.6/100,000).In all age groups, men commit suicide successfully more than women (around four times as much). However, females are more likely to attempt suicide than males do. In 1998, white males accounted for 73% of all suicides. Together, white males and white females accounted for over 90% of all suicides. In teenagers, the average symmetry is 5.51. The ratio increases with age within this group. (http//www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/10lc92c.htm / http//www.befrienders.org/info/statistics.htm)The previously listed facts are staggering and a surprise to most. Another surprising or should I say confusing area is effect and its relation to suicide. Most suicides occur by people who are suffering from depression. Certain life diffi culties such as the loss of a loved one, divorce, stress at work, or a series of disappointments can contribute to depression. And sometimes, depression may just run in the family. More than 19 million Americans, approximately one in 10 adults, suffer from depression each year. Everyone feels sad at some point, but what doctors call clinical depression is very different from just being "down in the dumps." The main difference is that the sad or empty mood doesnt go away after a couple of weeks, and everyday activities like sleeping, socializing or working can be affected.

Suicide :: essays research papers

Suicide As I researched suicide I strand that the numbers be staggering. Suicide is the ninth leading cause of death in the US, with 31,204 deaths recorded in 1995. It was at number eight on the amount in 1998, and as the numbers are steadily increasing it threatens to move up the list. This approximates to around one death every seventeen minutes. There are more suicides than homicides each year in the United States. In 1993, the suicide rate was 11.3/100,000. Two-thirds of all suicides under the age of 25 were committed with firearms (accounting for most of the increase in suicides from 1980 to 1992). The second most common method was hanging, third was poisoning. 61% of all suicides involve firearms.From 1952 to 1992 suicides among teens nearly tripled. Today, it is the third leading cause of death for teenagers ancient 15-19 (after motor vehicle accidents and unintentional injury). Suicide is increasing, particularly for teens and for those over 65.In young people, the suic ide rate is relatively low (13.5/100,000 in 1993), but it is excuse a leading cause of death. In older people, the suicide rate is very high, but it is not a leading cause of death (in light males over 85, the suicide rate in 1993 was 73.6/100,000).In all age groups, men commit suicide successfully more than women (around four times as much). However, females are more likely to attempt suicide than males do. In 1998, white males accounted for 73% of all suicides. Together, white males and white females accounted for over 90% of all suicides. In teenagers, the average ratio is 5.51. The ratio increases with age within this group. (http//www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub-res/10lc92c.htm / http//www.befrienders.org/info/statistics.htm)The previously listed facts are staggering and a surprise to most. Another surprising or should I say confusing area is depression and its relation to suicide. Most suicides occur by people who are suffering from depression. Certain life difficulties such as the lo ss of a loved one, divorce, stress at work, or a series of disappointments can contribute to depression. And sometimes, depression may just run in the family. More than 19 million Americans, approximately one in 10 adults, suffer from depression each year. Everyone feels sad at some point, but what doctors previse clinical depression is very different from just being "down in the dumps." The main difference is that the sad or empty mood doesnt go away after a couple of weeks, and everyday activities like sleeping, socializing or working can be affected.

Police Technology Essay

1. IntroductionA gun may be a useful tool to set out a suspect in a traditional crime scene, but what about a crime committed on the Internet to steal billions of dollars in a few minutes or even confidential schooling? Will guns be useful in this case?According to Goodman, the world isnt run by weapons anymore, or energy, or money, its run by ones and zeros Its not about who has the most bullets. Arts about who controls the information what we see and hear, how we work, what we think. Its all about information. (p.466)With the technological revolution we behave nowadays, that changed every aspect of our lives representing forward-lookingfound threats and new crimes, jurisprudence officers should be equipped with new technological tools or techniques to be able to face these new challenges.This paper aims at giving an idea about law technology and how does technology garter police officers by defining the term police technology, shading the light on history of police techno logy, and giving some of the impacts of technology on police work and practice.2. DefinitionsTo understand exactly how does technology help police officers, this section will define what is meant by some(prenominal) terms technology and police technology.2.1 TechnologyThe Britannica Concise Encyclopedia defines technology as Application of knowledge to the practical aims of sympathetic life or to ever-changing and manipulation the human environment. Technology includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of power to make life easier or more pleasant and work more productive. Whereas science is concerned with how and why things happen, technology focuses on making thing happen.2.2 Police TechnologyAccording to Encyclopedia Britannica the term police technology refers to the wide range of scientific and technological methods, techniques, and equipment utilize in policing.3. Police Technology in History and LiteratureThis section will shade the light on the history of police technology since 1840 when officers but had guns and night-light sticks, consequently came technological progress with the invention of the patrol wagon and signal service (which have) effected a revolution in police methods. (Seaskate, Inc). (See police technology timeline in Table 1)The adoption of information technology by police departments in the united States is a relatively recent phenomenon. Before 1987, less than 2% of the 2.200 US police departments with fewer than 100 employees used computers. And as recently as 2003, and 40% of police departments had mobile computer terminals. (CentrePience)Moving to information technology, only in recent years have many agencies found the use of information technologies significantly helpful. Examples include fingerprinting selective informationbases, computerized crime mapping, and records management systems doing everything from inventory plaza and cataloging evidence to calculating solv talent factors. (Seaskate, Inc)3. 1 The political era (1840-1920)This issue witnessed technological advances such as telegraph, telephone, police callboxes, Bertillon system of criminal identification (Seaskate, Inc) and (Stewart, R. W.). The advent of fingerprinting in the 1900s and of crime laboratories in the 1920s greatly augmented the police capacity to solve crimes. (Seaskate, Inc)3.2 The professional model era or Nationalization of Crime (1920-1970)This period witnessed efforts that tried to rid the political sympathies of undesirable political influences and create what they deemed professional police departments (Seaskate, Inc). The model was the crime laboratory in Berkeley, California, Police Department therefore the FBI inaugurated its own laboratory which eventually became recognized as the most comprehensive and technologically advanced forensic laboratory in the world (Seaskate, Inc).This period precept the widespread police adoption of the automobile and the introduction of two-way radios (Seaska te, Inc). Then, in response to rapidly rising crime rates and urban disorders, the Crime guidance was established in the 1960s (Seaskate, Inc). This period witnessed the nationalization of crime. In 1967, the Crime Commission produced a long report that gave recommendations, 11 of them dealing with police technology (Seaskate, Inc). The Presidents Crime Commission found that the nations criminal justice system suffered from a significant Science and technology possible action (Seaskate, Inc).Then came the advent of 911 after the commission called for establishment of a single telephone get along that Americans could use to call the police (Seaskate, Inc). The computerization for American policing was a head for the commissions recommendations and the 911 system (Seaskate, Inc). The 911 system became enhanced (E911) when computer got smarter, showing the telephone number, address, and in some cases, the name of the person who owned the number (Seaskate, Inc).One of the most impor tant computer-based innovations in American policing was the advent of National Crime Information Center (NCIC), administered by FBI (Seaskate, Inc). Computers also were essential in the schooling of Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) (Seaskate, Inc).3.3 The Community Policing Era or Computerization of American Policing (Since 1970)The introduction of computers into policing corresponded to the beginning of the third and current era in American policing or the Community Policing Era from 1970 up till now (Seaskate, Inc).In 1995, the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) was created by the Violent Crime dictation and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. (ITI, p.3) With funding provided by COPS and other federal and state grant programs, the use of computers in legality enforcement gained widespread acceptance in law enforcement agencies of all sizes. (ITI p.3)4. The Impact of Technology on Police WorkTechnology has had its impacts on police work especially since the process of computerization of American policing (Figure1 in the appendices shows trends in technology use by police agencies).According to Davis, J. N., the continuing development of computer technology has had critical impacts on law enforcement. Mobile data terminals in police cars, automatic vehicle locator systems, and computer-assisted dispatch are now commonly found in police departments. The use of expert systems and conventionalized intelligence by police agencies in the United States and Canada is on the enlarge. Examples can be found in agencies ranging from small rural Alliance, Nebraska to urban Baltimore County, atomic number 101. (p.1)This section will show how does technology affect police work either in increasing effectiveness, enhancing officer proficientty, or assisting law enforcement agencies to meet new challenges of terrorism and cyber crimes.4.1 Increased EffectivenessResearch showed that police departments that adopted computers together with IT management/governance practices such as CompStat did experience reduced property and cutthroat crime and significantly change magnitude crime clearance rates (by virtually 8%). Thus, researchers concluded that computers do increase the effectiveness of police work, but only if police work is substantially reorganized to take advantage of their presence (CentrePiece, p.2).Also according to ITI, Significant technological breakthroughs have resulted in products that have increased their crime solving effectiveness (P.4). For example studies led to the widespread use of night vision gear by todays police agencies (ITI, p.4). A technology such as fingerprint reader has resulted in the creation of automatic fingerprint identification systems (AFIS). (ITI, p.4) AFIS has resulted in the clearance of thousands of crimes that would have otherwise gone unsolved. (ITI, P.4)The enhanced 911 allowed dispatchers to see on their computers screen the address and telephone number from which a 911 emergency call originated (ITI, p.4).The miniaturization of body microphones and closed lap television has benefited law enforcement in a variety of investigative and crime prevention initiatives. (ITI, P.4)4.2 Changed the Role of Police and How They Carry Out Their DutiesTechnology has changed the role of both police officers and law enforcement agencies. With the introduction of the Community Oriented Policing model, a dramatic change occurred in how agencies measured their effectiveness. (ITI, P.3) The previous section showed that COPS was a result for introducing computers into policing. The emphasis on quick response to calls for services and the number of arrests made and crimes cleared was replaced by the reduction of crimes committed. (ITI, P.3)The COPS program promoted the development of close/citizen relationships with a focus on improving the quality of life on a neighborhood-to-neighborhood basis. From this effort grew programs such as neighborhood Policing and Prob lem Solving Policing (ITI, P.3). For the COPS concept to be successful officers needed timely information about crime patterns and other social problems occurring on their beats. (ITI, P.3)In police practice the possibility to rise to power and use electronic records has opened up a new way of gathering information for police officers. This has created and certain new ways of working for police officers they can gather more information when involved in operational work as well as when they are present physically at the police station. (Borglund, E.)4.3 Improved Record Keeping and Report WritingComputers have led to a key advantage improved recordkeeping. Research showed that introducing computers for record-keeping did increase the amount of recorded minor crimes such as larceny (CentrePiece, p.2).According to Davis, J. N., police report writing has also evolved with changes in technology, especially the use of lap-top computers. The move development of new computer technologies will also bring changes in police report writing. (p.1)4.4 Enhances Officer SafetySignificant technological breakthroughs have resulted in products that have improved officer safety (ITI, P.4). Soft body armor has saved hundreds of officers from death or serious injury (ITI, P.4).Information used in conjunction with Computer Aided Dispatch software allowed dispatchers to warn officers of potential dangers and the history of previous calls at locations prior to their arrival. (ITI, P.4)The use of safe weapons such as non-lethal weapons such as the Taser, beanbag shells and pepper mace had been added to the list of force options available to officers in the field (ITI, p.4).4.5 Assist Local Law Enforcement Agencies bear on the New Challenges of Terrorism and Cyber CrimeAccording to Reichert, K. creative uses of information technology have the potential to increase the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in fulfilling its labyrinthine mission today. Including increased dema nds in the post-September 11 World. (p.4)The pace of the use of technology in law enforcement continues to accelerate. New technologies such as the use of deoxyribonucleic acid for the criminal investigation, the growth of AFIS and Livescan fingerprinting systems, GPS tracking, and reverse-911 software are all computer dependent systems now macrocosm more widely used by agencies around the country. (ITI, p.4)New hardware such as Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs) and other wireless devices such as web-enabled cellular telephones are changing the way information is collected and shared. (ITI, p.4) The 911 systems have precipitated the use of computerized mapping and links between 911 systems and computer aided dispatch software (ITI, p.4). Incident-based reporting is being implemented across the country requiring new records management software designed to capture and report crime statistics electronically (ITI, p.4). The 1995 Oklahoma City bombing and the 2001 flesh out on the Wo rld Trade Center and the Pentagon significantly increased awareness for the need to share information between law enforcement agencies at all levels of government. (ITI, p.4)Antiquated radio systems are being replaced so that multiple agencies can communicate during joint operations and disaster responses. Integration of computer databases is being developed for intelligence gathering and criminal investigation. (ITI, p.4)Detection technology, protection equipment and training are being provided to public safety personnel to meet the challenges of a nuclear, biological or chemical threat as well as an attack using conventional weapons. (ITI, p.4)The use of the Internet for the commission of crimes is increasing at an direful rate. (ITI, p.4) Thieves, hackers, hate groups, pedophiles, cyberspace stalkers, drug cartels and terrorist groups freely use the Internet to carry out their illegal activities. (ITI, p.4) The Internet also offers many benefits to law enforcement (ITI, p.5). Th e ability to share information between agencies and with the public has been greatly enhanced by the use of the internet.

The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Eight

Who-? Oh, its you decent verbalize, starting at the touch on her elbow. You scared me. I didnt hear you come up.Hed watch to be to a greater extent careful, Stefan realized. In the few days hed been away from educate, hed gotten out of the habit of walking and moving deal a human and f aloneen back into the noiseless, short controlled stride of the hunter. Sorry, he say, as they walked side by side down the corridor.Sokay, said decorous with a brave attempt at nonchalance. except her embrown eyes were wide and rather fixed. So what are you doing present today? Meredith and I came by the roominghouse this morning to check on Mrs. Flowers, that cipher answered the door. And I didnt see you in biology.I came this afternoon. Im back at school. For as long as it scoots to find what were looking for anyway.To spy on Alaric, you mean, Bonnie muttered. I t aging Elena yesterday reasonable to leave him to me. Oops, she added, as a couple of passing juniors stared at her. She r olled her eyes at Stefan. By mutual consent, they turned rancid into a side corridor and made for an empty stairwell. Bonnie leaned against the w all(prenominal) with a groan of relief.Ive got to regain not to say her name, she said pathetically, provided its so hard. My puzzle asked me how I mat this morning and I almost told her, fine, since I saw Elena last night. I dont know how you two kept-you know what-a secret so long.Stefan felt a grin tugging at his lips in spite of himself. Bonnie was like a six-week-old kitten, all charm and no inhibitions. She always said exactly what she was thought process at the moment, even if it completely contradicted what shed middling said the moment before, but every affaire she did came from the heart. Youre standing in a deserted hallway with a you know what upright now, he reminded her devilishly.Ohhh. Her eyes widened again. yet you wouldnt, would you? she added, relieved. Because Elena would kill you Oh, dear. Searching for anothe r topic, she gulped and said, So-so how did things go last night?Stefans mood darkened immediately. Not so good. Oh, Elenas all right shes sleeping safely. Before he could go on, his ears picked up footfalls at the end of the corridor. Three senior girls were passing by, and one broke away from the convention at the sight of Stefan and Bonnie. Sue Carsons face was pale and her eyes were red-rimmed, but she smiled at them.Bonnie was full of concern. Sue, how are you? Hows Doug?Im okay. Hes okay, too, or at least hes passage to be. Stefan, I unavoidablenessed to public lecture to you, she added in a rush. I know my dad conveyed you yesterday for helping Doug the way you did, but I wanted to thank you, too. I mean, I know that people in town have been pretty horrible to you and-well, Im just surprised you cared enough to help at all. exclusively Im glad. My mom says you saved Dougs liveness. And so, I just wanted to thank you, and to say Im sorry-about everything.Thats all right , he said. Hows Chelsea today?Shes at the pound. Theyre holding the dogs in quarantine in that respect, all the ones they could round up. Sue blotted her eyes and straightened, and Stefan relaxed, seeing that the danger was oer. An awkward silence descended.Well, said Bonnie to Sue at last, have you heard what the school board decided about the hoodwink Dance?I heard they met this morning and theyve pretty much decided to let us have it. Some corpse said they were talking about a police guard, though. Oh, theres the late bell. Wed better get to history before Alaric hands us all demerits.Were coming in a minute, Stefan said. He added casually, When is this Snow Dance?Its the thirteenth Friday night, you know, Sue said, and then winced. Oh my God, Friday the thirteenth. I didnt even prize about that. precisely it reminds me that there was one other thing I wanted to tell you. This morning I took my name out of the running for snow queen. It-it just seemed right, somehow. Thats al l. Sue hurried away, almost running.Stefans mind was racing. Bonnie, what is this Snow Dance?Well, its the Christmas dance really, only we have a snow queen instead of a Christmas queen. After what happened at Founders Day, they were intending of derriereceling it, and then with the dogs yesterday-but it sounds like theyre deviation to have it after all.On Friday the thirteenth, Stefan said grimly.Yes. Bonnie was looking scared again, making herself small and inconspicuous.Stefan, dont look that way youre frightening me. Whats wrong? What do you think will happen at the dance?I dont know. But something would, Stefan was thinking. Fells Church hadnt had one public celebration that had escaped being visited by the Other agent, and this would credibly be the last festivity of the stratum. But there was no point in talking about it now. Come on, he said. Were really late.He was right. Alaric Saltzman was at the chalkboard when they walked in, as he had been the first day hed appear ed in the history schoolroom. If he was surprised at seeing them late, or at all, he cover it faultlessly, giving one of his friendliest smiles.So youre the one whos hunting the hunter, Stefan thought, taking his seat and studying the man before him. But are you anything more than that? Elenas Other powerfulness maybe?Elena. Stefans hand clenched under his desk, and a slow ache woke in his chest. He hadnt meant to think about her. The only way he had gotten through and through the last five days was by keeping her at the edge of his mind, not letting her image any closer. But then of course the driving of holding her away at a safe distance took up most of his term and energy. And this was the worst place of all to be, in a classroom where he couldnt care less about what was being taught. There was nothing to do but think here.He made himself breathe slowly, calmly. She was well that was the main(prenominal) thing. Nothing else really mattered. But even as he told himself this, jealousy bit into him like the thongs of a whip. Because whenever he thought about Elena now, he had to think about him.About Damon, who was free to come and go as he liked. Who might even be with Elena this minute.Anger burned in Stefans mind, bright and cold, mix with the hot ache in his chest. He still wasnt convinced that Damon wasnt the one who had casually thrown him, bleeding and unconscious, into an abandoned well shaft to die. And he would take Elenas idea about the Other precedent much more seriously if he was completely sure that Damon hadnt chased Elena to her death. Damon was evil he had no grace and no scruplesAnd whats he done that I havent done? Stefan asked himself heavily, for the hundredth time. Nothing.Except kill.Stefan had tried to kill. Hed meant to kill Tyler. At the memory, the cold fire of his anger toward Damon was do utilize, and he glanced instead toward a desk at the back of the room.It was empty. Though Tyler had gotten out of the hospital the day b efore, he hadnt returned to school. Still, there should be no danger of his remembering anything from that unrelenting afternoon. The subliminal suggestion to forget should hold for quite a while, as long as no one messed with Tylers mind.He suddenly became aware that he was staring at Tylers empty desk with narrow, brooding eyes. As he looked away, he caught the glance of someone whod been watching him do it.Matt turned quickly and dead set(p) over his history book, but not before Stefan saw his expression.December 5-I dont know what time, probably early afternoon.Dear Diary,Damon got you back for me this morning. Stefan said he didnt want me going into Alarics attic again. This is Stefans pen Im using. I dont own anything anymore, or at least I basist get at any of my own things, and most of them aunty Judith would miss if I took them. Im sitting right now in a vitamin B complex behind the boardinghouse. I cant go where people sleep, you know, unless Ive been invited in. I gu ess animals dont count, because there are some rats sleeping here under the hay and an owl in the rafters. At the moment, were ignoring each other.Im onerous very hard not to have hysterics.I thought writing might help. Something normal, something familiar. Except that nothing in my life is normal anymore.Damon says Ill get used to it faster if I throw my old life away and embrace the untested one. He seems to think its inevitable that I turn out like him. He says I was born to be a hunter and theres no point in doing things halfway.I hunted a deer last night. A stag, because it was making the most noise, clashing its antlers against tree diagram branches, challenging other males. I drank its blood.When I look over this diary, all I can see is that I was searching for something, for someplace to belong. But this isnt it. This new life isnt it. Im afraid of what Ill become if I do start to belong here.Oh, God, Im frightened.The barn owl is almost pure white, especially when it spre ads its wings so you can see the underside. From the back it looks more gold. It has just a comminuted gold rough the face. Its staring at me right now because Im making noises, arduous not to cry.Its funny that I can still cry. I guess its witches that cant.Its started snowing outside. Im pulling my cloak up around me.Elena tucked the little book close to her body and drew the soft dark velvet of the cloak up to her chin. The barn was utterly silent, except for the minute breathing of the animals that slept there. Outside the snow drifted down just as soundlessly, blanketing the world in muffling stillness. Elena stared at it with unseeing eyes, scarcely noticing the tears that ran down her cheeks.And could Bonnie McCullough and Caroline Forbes please stay after class a moment, Alaric said as the last bell rang.Stefan frowned, a frown that deepened as he saw Vickie Bennett hovering outside the open door of the history room, her eyes diffident and frightened. Ill be right outside , he said meaningfully to Bonnie, who nodded. He added a warning lift of his eyebrows, and she responded with a virtuous look. Catch me saying anything Im not alleged(a) to, the look said.Vickie Bennett was entering as he exited, and he had to step out of her way. But that took him right into the path of Matt, whod come out the other door and was trying to get down the corridor as fast as possible.Stefan grabbed his arm without thinking. Matt, wait. Let go of me. Matts fist came up. He looked at it in apparent surprise, as if not sure what he should be so mad about. But every muscle in his body was fighting Stefans grip.I just want to talk to you. Just for a minute, all right?I dont have a minute, Matt said, and at last his eyes, a lighter, less complicated blue than Elenas, met Stefans. But there was a blankness in the depths of them that reminded Stefan of the look of someone whod been hypnotized, or who was under the influence of some Power.Only it was no Power except Matts own mind, he realized abruptly. This was what the human brain did to itself when faced with something it simply couldnt deal with. Matt had shut down, turned off.Testing, Stefan said, About what happened Saturday night-I dont know what youre talking about. Look, I said I had to go, damn it. Denial was like a fortress behind Matts eyes. But Stefan had to try again.I dont blame you for being mad. If I were you, Id be furious. And I know what its like not to want to think, especially when thinking can drive you crazy. Matt was shaking his head, and Stefan looked around the hallway. It was almost empty, and desperation made him free to take a risk. He lowered his voice. But maybe youd at least like to know that Elenas awake, and shes much-Elenas dead Matt shouted, drawing the attention of everyone in the corridor. And I told you to let go of me he added, oblivious of their audience, and shoved Stefan hard. It was so unexpected that Stefan stumbled back against the lockers, almost ending up sprawled on the ground. He stared at Matt, but Matt never even glanced back as he took off down the hallway.Stefan spent the rest of the time until Bonnie emerged just staring at the wall. There was a poster there for the Snow Dance, and he knew every inch of it by the time the girls came out.Despite everything Caroline had tried to do to him and Elena, Stefan frame he couldnt summon up any hatred of her. Her auburn hair looked faded, her face pinched. Instead of being willowy, her posture just looked wilted, he thought, watching her go.Yes, of course. Alaric just knows we three-Vickie, Caroline, and I-have been through a lot, and he wants us to know that he supports us, Bonnie said, but even her dogged optimism about the history teacher sounded a little forced. None of us told him about anything, though. Hes having another get-together at his house next week, she added brightly.Wonderful, thought Stefan. Normally he might have said something about it, but at that moment he was di stracted. Theres Meredith, he said.She must be waiting for us-no, shes going down the history wing, Bonnie said. Thats funny, I told her Id meet her out here.It was more than funny, thought Stefan. Hed caught only a glimpse of her as she turned the corner, but that glimpse stuck in his mind. The expression on Merediths face had been calculating, watchful, and her step had been stealthy. As if she were trying to do something without being seen.Shell come back in a minute when she sees were not down there, Bonnie said, but Meredith didnt come back in a minute, or two, or three. In fact, it was almost ten minutes before she appeared, and then she looked startled to see Stefan and Bonnie waiting for her.Sorry, I got held up, she said coolly, and Stefan had to approve her self-possession. But he wondered what was behind it, and only Bonnie was in a mood to chat as the three of them left school.But last time you used fire, Elena said.That was because we were looking for Stefan, for a spe cific person, Bonnie replied. This time were trying to predict the future. If it was just your personal future I was trying to predict, Id look in your palm, but were trying to find out something general.Meredith entered the room, carefully balancing a china coil full to the brim with water. In her other hand, she held a candle. Ive got the stuff, she said. piss was sacred to the Druids, Bonnie explained, as Meredith placed the dish on the floor and the three girls sat around it.Apparently, everything was sacred to the Druids, said Meredith.Shh. Now, put the candle in the candlestick and light it. Then Im going to pour melted ride into the water, and the shapes it makes will tell me the answers to your questions. My grandmother used melted lead, and she said her grandmother used melted silver, but she told me wax would do. When Meredith had lit the candle, Bonnie glanced at it sideways and took a deep breath. Im getting scareder and scareder to do this, she said.You dont have to, Elena said softly.I know. But I want to-this once. Besides, its not these kind of rituals that scare me its getting taken over thats so awful. I hate it. Its like somebody else getting into my body.Anyway, here goes. Turn down the lights, Meredith. Give me a minute to get attuned and then ask your questions.In the silence of the dim room Elena watched the candlelight flickering over Bonnies lowered eyelashes and Merediths sober face. She looked down at her own hands in her lap, pale against the blackness of the sweater and leggings Meredith hadlent her. Then she looked at the dancing flame. tout ensemble right, Bonnie said softly and took the candle.Elenas fingers twined together, clenching hard, but she spoke in a low voice so as not to break the atmosphere. Who is the Other Power in Fells Church?Bonnie tilted the candle so that the flame licked up its sides. Hot wax streamed down like water into the bowl and formed round globules there.I was afraid of that, Bonnie murmured. Thats no answer, nothing. Try a different question.Disappointed, Elena sat back, fingernails biting into her palms. It was Meredith who spoke.Can we find this Other Power if we look? And can we defeat it?Thats two questions, Bonnie said under her breath as she tilted the candle again. This time the wax formed a circle, a lumpy white ring.Thats unity The symbol for people joining hands. It means we can do it if we stick together.Elenas head jerked up. Those were almost the same words shed said to Stefan and Damon. Bonnies eyes were shining with excitement, and they smiled at each other.Watch out Youre still pouring, Meredith said.Bonnie quickly righted the candle, looking into the bowl again. The last spill of wax had formed a thin, straight line.Thats a sword, she said slowly. It means sacrifice. We can do it if we stick together, but not without sacrifice.What kind of sacrifice? asked Elena.I dont know, Bonnie said, her face troubled. Thats all I can tell you this time. She stuck the ca ndle back in the candleholder.Whew, said Meredith, as she got up to turn on the lights. Elena stood, too.Well, at least we know we can beat it, she said, tugging up the leggings, which were too long for her. She caught a glimpse of herself in Merediths mirror. She certainly didnt look like Elena sarin the high school fashion plate anymore.Dressed all in black like this, she looked pale and dangerous, like a sheathed sword. Her hair fell haphazardly around her shoulders.certainly didnt look like Elena Gilbert the high school fashion plate anymore. Dressed all in black like this, she looked pale and dangerous, like a sheathed sword. Her hair fell haphazardly around her shoulders.You could go somewhere else, Bonnie suggested. I mean, after this is all over, you could finish the school year someplace where nobody knows you. Like Stefan did.No, I dont think so. Elena was in a strange mood tonight, after spending the day alone in the barn watching the snow. Bonnie, she said abruptly, wou ld you look at my palm again? I want you to tell my future, my personal future.I dont even know if I remember all the stuff my grandmother taught me but, all right, Ill try, Bonnie relented. Thered just better be no more dark strangers on the way, thats all. Youve already got all you can handle. She giggled as she took Elenas outstretched hand. Remember when Caroline asked what you could do with two? I guess youre finding out now, huh?Just read my palm, will you?All right, this is your life line- Bonnies stream of patter broke off almost before it was started. She stared at Elenas hand, fear and apprehension in her face. It should go all the way down to here, she said. But its cut off so shortShe and Elena looked at each other without speaking for a moment, while Elena felt that same apprehension solidify within herself. Then Meredith broke in.Well, naturally its short, she said. It just means what happened already, when Elena drowned.Yes, of course, that must be it, Bonnie murmure d. She let go of Elenas hand and Elena slowly drew back. Thats it, all right, Bonnie said in a stronger voice.Elena was gazing into the mirror again. The girl who gazed back was beautiful, but there was a sad wisdom about her eyes that the old Elena Gilbert had never had. She realized that Bonnie and Meredith were looking at her.That must be it, she said lightly, but her smile didnt touch her eyes.

Mobile Phones are a Menace not a Blessing Essay

Some state think that active bring forwards atomic number 18 a complete queer and some think they are a blessing. In this statement I will discuss both sides of this argument. Firstly I will discuss how alert audios are bad for society and how they are a menace. After this I will discuss how they are a blessing and the good things that they hold. This is a constant issue of debate particularly amidst this generation and older generations.see moremobile ph wholenesss boon or curse essayPeople believe mobile phones are a menace as they think they have destroyed real (face to face) socialising. They believe that be realize people are constantly in come home with their associates this means that when people meet up in real life they have no socialising skills or cannot hold a conversation the way people used to. A mobile phone can distract you from things that you should be concentrating on. Such as crossing the road, if you mobile goes off in your pocket then you will automati cally penury to check it, this then takes your attention off crossing a road and could cause you to walk out in front of a car. This can cause a major accident and possibly death.Phones also promote the idea of cyber-bullying as people may be able to say things in schoolbook form that they couldnt say face to face. This could also cause fights between friends as one person may take something in a variant way than it was meant, sarcasm is something my generation use a lot and it doesnt travel well via text. Sometimes people get into the way of texting using a text language, where words are shortened to save time. This could then affect your normal spelling for day to day work. Some recent investigations have boost the idea that the radio waves given off mobile telephones can produce tumours which therefore cause cancer.On the other hand having a mobile phone can be a great thing. It can help you out in emergencies, say you were stuck somewhere and had no way of contacting anyone, take out your mobile and you have a way of contacting your parents. Mobile phones are a great way of communication to your friends. If something is bothering you all you need to do is text a friend and you have someone to calm you down. Some people say that phones are far too expensive to run. But some of my friends are on refined deals, Connor gets unlimited rid texts after 7.30 and anytime on the weekends, he hardly pays anything. India pays ten pounds a month and gets unlimited free texts and still has ten pounds worth of free calls. Modern phones these days have many many functions. They can be a radio, have the internet, have a music playing function and a camera, they have Bluetooth for sending your friends photos that you have taken very quickly and easily.My Conclusion is that mobile phones are a good advantage to everyday life, you can filling up a simple phones for around fifteen pounds. And then have pay as you go so you manage how much money goes onto your phone at a ny one time. Personally I find Mobile Phones a great advantage to everyday life. I understand why people may dislike them but I find it unbelievable that they think they are pointless. They are a means of communication even for the school to contact people about sports. If I didnt have a mobile I would have turned up at school with no one there to tell me a hockey match was cancelled as I was supposed to have found out from a senior player. I believe that mobile telephones are a blessing.

Benefits of School Uniforms

at that place are many sides to the view about instill reproducibles, but the debate against obligatory take aim kindreds write outs more from the libertarians and groups from the old aim guard. The worry with the old coach group and civil libertarians reflect an age when tame military unit and blustering(a) were not as prevalent in the give lessons system as they are today. School age children are consistently being accosted and bullied for purporter apparel and crime syndicate violence is at an all-time high in many naturalize districts, but, the addition of a mandatory school insurance constitution stinker reduction national and state figures relative to school violence.It is time for children and young adults to be able to attend school and learn without fear of intimidation. By implementing a policy of mandatory school constants, little time is spent on social awkwardness where many students who simply cannot afford to wear the latest fashion design and can stop worrying about the gangs around the school who look at what transfigures of what a student wears to initiate bullying practices.First, in that location is a carry to actually define why school administrators and educators are looking to enforcing mandatory school uniforms and the reason why President Clinton, in 1996, during his State of the juncture address endorsed uniforms in American schools. In order to do accomplish this, it is important to look at what issues school administrators and educators feel are the impeders of learning and academic advancement. Oftentimes students who are continually focused on fashion and attaining the latest look tend to spend far less time in a positive learning situation.Distraction leads to poor learning environments (PSParents) Many advocates of a mandatory school uniform policy point to the increasing instances of violence in spite of appearance the school system and much of that is tied into the students appearance itself. Th ere are instances where children are inflicting bodily harm on nonpareil some separate because of the name brand on a jacket or a pair of jeans and, in larger cities where gang involvement is prevalent, children are killed because they chose the wrong color to wear to school.The issue is not about civil liberties or license of expression but about improving the deteriorating state of the educational environment within our public school system nationwide (PSParents). Many experts are of the opinion that students that attend schools wearing uniforms actually have higher academic scores. It is also believed that school uniforms can look to improving student attendance and focus intently on studies without worrying about whether they can or their parents can purchase for them the identical new style of clothing.The old phrase of keeping up with the Jones can attest to what many young students where they simply want what their friends are wearing. Many school administrators are of the opinion that students who wear school uniforms behave in a far more appropriate manner within the school atmosphere as uniforms lend to engaging students in appropriate behavior by reducing violence within the system.The most plausible reason for this is that with standardized dress on that point is less places to hide weapons in where in the fashion standard of students, especially in high school, weapons can be hidden in pockets in waistline bands of pants that have shirts laid overtop and in baseball caps. It is this authors opinion that with less opportunity to hide weapons in clothing and headgear of what students are currently wearing can hide weapons that are carried into the school and, if there are no metal detectors present, leaves an undeniable way for violent propensities.What has been considered one of the more conscionable reasons for the policy to implemented within the school system is the social preying that occur with many indigent students. Many students co me from impoverished family units and if they are unable to afford the latest trends and this is one of the ways that students look to in an attempt at self-expression and definition. This is a huge factor in a childs psychological development and if there is a removal of this one barrier that students continually come up against, there is a marked improvement in both academic and social situations.This is really tied into the social outcome factor as when there is only one type of dress needed for school, i. e. uniform, there is a higher instance of affordability amongst families that are simply unable to afford expensive, trendy clothing. The government has also interpreted an self-reliant and unbiased approach to addressing this issue and it is compelling their overall interpretation of the current school system and its tie-in to student safety.The government believes that the credence of school uniform policies can promote school safety, improve discipline, and enhance the lea rning environment. The potential benefits of school uniforms include decreasing violence and theft notwithstanding life-threatening situations among students over designer clothing or expensive sneakers helping prevent gang members from wearing gang colors and insignia at school ingraining students with discipline helping parents and students resist peer pressure helping students concentrate on their school work and helping school officials recognize intruders who come to the school (Government) There are currently many communities that have decided to adopt school uniform policies, which include California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, Tennessee, Utah and Virginia and, many large school systems include Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dayton, Detroit, Los Angeles, Long brink, Miami, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Phoenix, Seattle and St.Louis have school in either a voluntary or mandatory uniform policy in effect. There are many school boards in lar ge and small cities that have adopted school uniform policies which include Long Beach, California Uniforms are mandatory in all elementary and middle schools. Each school in the district limits the uniform its students will wear. There is an opt-out of the program with parental consent. Currently the coat of the program, implemented in 1994, includes 58,500 elementary and middle school students.Support for disadvantaged students Each school must develop an assistance plan for families that cannot afford to buy uniforms. In most cases, graduating students either donate or sell used uniforms to needy families. Results District officials found that in the year following implementation of the school uniform policy, overall school crime change magnitude 36 percent, fights decreased 51 percent, sex offenses decreased 74 percent, weapons offenses decreased 50 percent, assault and battery offenses decreased 34 percent, and vandalism decreased 18 percent.Less than one percent of the stu dents have elected to opt out of the uniform policy. Dick Van Der Laan of the Long Beach Unified School District explained, We cant attribute the improvement exclusively to school uniforms, but we think its more than coincidental. According to Long Beach Police headman William Ellis, Schools have fewer reasons to call the police. Theres less conflict among students. Students concentrate more on education, not on whose wearing $100 shoes or gang attire. Richmond, VirginiaThis voluntary uniform policy at Maymont Elementary School for the Arts and Humanities was implemented in 1994 with approximately 262 elementary school students enrolled. Support for disadvantaged students Responding to parent concerns about the cost of uniforms, the school sought community financial support for the uniform program. Largely as a result of financial donations from businesses and other community leaders, the percentage of students wearing uniforms rose from 30 percent in 1994-95, the first year of t he program, to 85 percent during the current year.Results Maymont principal Sylvia Richardson identifies many benefits of the uniform program, including improved behavior, an increase in attendance rates and higher student achievement. In the examples shown above, both mandatory and voluntary uniform policies have proven there is a correlation among violent behavior and school uniform policies and there are many variations of the mandatory school uniform policy which can be initiated between the school, the parent and the student. Carl A.Cohn writes that within the Long Beach school system, upon instituting a mandatory school uniform policy over two old age prior, much of the public school educational establishment reacted skeptically. The school board was told by permissive parents, civil liberties interest groups, timid legislators, and a biased intelligence service media that they would not let it happen. The school board initiated this program over 1 ? years ago with a 99 per cent compliance rate in the program and a substantial decrease in school crime (Cohn). ConclusionEither being in favor or not in favor of mandatory school uniforms is a moot point as it is generally those who simply dont like to have their children conform to a mandatory policy or not, and, not for concrete and convincing reasons that wearing a school uniform decreases their childrens aptitude for learning, decreases their social status, or, even decreases their childs freedom of expression. Albeit some students, especially those in the higher grade levels often rebel by girls pulling their skirts up above the regulated skirt length, this, is in no way a reflection on safety in school.One piece of evidence that is hard to refute is that studies have found that due to increased preponderance of school violence, one in five public school students feels less eager to go to school every day, one in seven feels less inclined to pay attention to learning in school, and one in 10 stays hom e from school or cuts class. In unsafe school environments, teachers cannot teach to their maximum potential, and students cannot learn to their full capability (Everett and Price).Paliokas and Rist note that for many individuals, the appeal of mandatory school uniforms is based on conventional wisdom and an a priori belief that increased structure results in improved child behavior. Nevertheless, there is not much empirical data to support a cause-and-effect relationship between school uniforms and violence. Simply put, there are other variables which may, in fact, be a direct or indirect contributor to declines in levels of violence with or without school uniform policies.Paliokas and Rist posed several questions that must first be answered before declines in school violence can be specifically attributed to the implementation of school uniform programs a) was the implementation of the uniform policy only one aspect of a comprehensive safety plan that included heightened guarant or and stricter rules? b) were local community-policing programs implemented at the same time? c) was the trend of violence in the school at its peak and ready to decline? d) was there an analysis of the trends of violence within that specific school or school district?e) were the decreases in school violence attributed to the Hawthorne Effect in which short-term attention to and visibleness of a problem caused the decline? and, finally f) was parental involvement a crucial factor in the reduction of violence? (Paliokis and Rist). A large problem with the debate over school uniform policies and putting the emphasis on if implementing said policy was, in fact, in direct relation to curbing school violence is that although many school districts were privy to reduction in violence related to students, could there in fact be mitigating factors relative to the reduction.There is a need to look to finding empirical evidence in support of a mandatory uniform policy through the gathering of a variety of independent studies including 1) Investigate parent, teacher, and student perceptions regarding school uniforms and violence prevention. 2) Trend analyses to determine whether any decline in violence represents true change or predictable change in trend within the school and/or school district. 3) Must be statistically defy for possible intervening variables associated with violence reduction to determine cause-and-effect relationships between school uniforms and violence reduction.4) Compare the prevalence of violence in schools mandating uniforms with schools mandating dress codes. 5) Obtain data from both experimental groups (those required to wear uniforms) and control groups (those not required to wear uniforms). 6) Examination of how schools mandating uniforms address the issue of providing school uniforms to low-income families. 7) Focus on identifying the means to adequately evaluate the effect of mandatory uniform programs on the prevalence of school viole nce (Paliokas and Rist)Works Cited Paliokas KL, Rist RC. Do They Reduce Violence Or Just Make Us Feel Better? Online. http//www. edweek. org/we/vol-15/28rist. h15. April 3, 1996. Cohn CA. Mandatory school uniforms Long Beachs pioneering experience finds safety and economic benefits. School Admin. 1996 53(2)22-25. King, K. A. Should school uniforms be mandated in elementary school? 1998. Online http//danenet. wicip. org/ncs/forumuniformseval. htm PSParents. net. Pros of Mandatory School Uniforms.Online at http//psparents. net/ in_support. htm united States Government. School Uniforms Where They Are and Why They Work? Online http//www. ed. gov/updates/uniforms. html American psychological Association. Violence and Youth Psychologys Response, Volume 1 Summary Report of the American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth. Washington, DC American Psychological Association 199342. Callahan CM, Rivara FP. Urban high school youth and handguns. JAMA. 19922673038-3032.

Nitric oxide therapy

There is not much expenditure for the lungs during the fetal life. At such stage, the function of the lungs is carried out by the placenta through the umbilical cord. Fetal life is characterized by a high pneumonic vascular resistance (PVR) with pulmonary parentage flow being dependant to a less than 10% lung-directed cardiac output. Blood vessels that connect the heart and the lungs are constricted, sending the circulating roue back to the heart through the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that functions only in fetuses. In other words, the lungs in the fetal stage are bypassed.At birth, when the lungs finally assume the function of gas exchange, the PVR decreases, allowing for an attach in pulmonary blood flow. The blood vessel that is previously constricted, favoring blood flow to the ductus arteriosus is now relaxed, simultaneously with the permanent closure of the ductus arteriosus. This happens as the lungs become freshen and the alveolar oxygen tension is increased.Per sistent pulmonic Hypertansion occurs when at birth, the lung circulation fails to achieve the normal drop in PVR, preventing the transition from fetal to newborn circulation. This failure results in the day-and-night functioning of the ductus arteriosus which impairs the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and limits the amount of oxygen that can be picked up by the blood to be delivered to the different parts of the body. The blood that flows back to the heart remains in an unoxygenated state which could lead to the development of refractory hypoxemia, respiratory distress and acidosis.It is only in 1987 when azotic oxide (NO) was accepted as a key endothelial-derived vasodilator molecule. From then, research has been expanded to establish the role of NO throughout the body, and to discover its therapeutic potential. To appreciate the effects of NO in alleviating pulmonary hypertension, it is important to gain understanding of its chemistry and mechanism of action.Nitric Oxide is a gaseous compound that rapidly diffuses across membranes and has a single left over(p) electron. This explains its high reactivity, especially to Hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood. This nature of the compound accounts for its noted biological significance. It has been discovered to function as stimulant in the release of hormones as neurotransmitter a significant participant in the magnification of synaptic actions and learning processes and an inhibitor in platelet aggregation, which makes it a marvel in the field of cardiology.In the field of pulmonology, nitric oxide is valued for its vasodilatory effect in the blood vessels. This effect can be explained by the mechanism involving the compounds diffusion from the vascular endothelial cells to the subjacent smooth muscles of the pulmonary vessels. From here, NO activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase to change conformation to promote smooth muscle relaxation by converting GTP to cGMP. This vasodilatory effect signals the mech anism to modulate blood flow and vascular tone.Given the mechanism of action, it is easy to surmise how NO can be utilized as a therapeutic agent in the concern of blood-vessel- connect diseases such as those related to the heart (hypertension), the reproductive system(erectile dysfunction) and in this case, the lungs (Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in infants (PPHN)).Before NO, interventions used in infant PPHN are hyperventilation, continuous infusion of alkali, tube vasodilation and vasodilator drugs. A study on the effects of these various treatments was done by Ellington, Jr., et. al., (2001) showing no specific therapy clearly associated with the reduction in mortality in infants. In determining whether therapies were equivalent, the study showed that hyperventilation reduced the attempt of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with no oxygen increase at 28 days, while alkali infusion increased the use of ECMO as well as an increase in the use of oxygen at 28 days ( Ellington, Jr., et. al., 2001). ECMO is a highly invasive procedure that requires major surgery, performed in serious cases of PPHN when endurings fail to respond to treatments.It is only after post-lab studies were able to identify the role of NO-cGMP signaling in the regulation of lung circulation that NO therapy was developed for PPHN (Channick, R., et. al., 1994). wish previous treatment methods, NO therapy improves oxygenation as well as reduces the risk of ECMO in infants with PPHN (Oliveira, et. al., 2000). But because nitric oxide is capable of acting on its own upon ambition to relax the blood vessels and improve circulation, it is considered as a less invasive procedure in the management of infants with PPHN compared to the previous treatments mentioned in the preceding paragraphs.The efficiency of the treatment procedure can be determined by observing its effect on the patients ventilation and blood flow, which is a determinant of the efficiency of transpulmonary oxyg enation and partial pressure of oxygen in the systemic arterial blood (Ichinose, et. al., 2004). NO therapy enhances the mechanism by which blood flow is redistributed toward regions in the lungs with better ventilation and high intra-alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (Ichinose, et. al., 2004).Other treatments used in the management of PPHN such as tube ventilation, alkalosis and intravenous vasodilators were shown to be effective in ameliorating pulmonary hypertension in some infants, but in many instances, it does not, as ECMO almost always becomes a necessity in saving the life of the infants (Ichinose, et. al., 2004). A type of hyperventilation has been proven not to increase the risk of ECMO, but unlike NO-therapy (Ellington, Jr., et. al., 2001), it is invasive as to require a tube inserted inside the infants trachea.In patients with moderate PPHN, thither is an improvement in arterial p a O 2, reduced necessity of ventilator support and low risk of progression to severe PP HN (Sadiq, et. al., 2003) and this, without the risk of increasing the incidence of adverse outcomes when the age of 1 year is reached (Clark, et. al. 2003). Inhaled NO is able to rapidly increase the arterial oxygen tension and increase the blood flow in the lungs without causing systemic hypotension (Roberts, 1992 Kinsella, 1992). No apparent increase in morbidity has been shown after one year of treatment with NO (Aparna and Hoskote, 2008). For forged infants with PPHN, inhaled NO has been found to lessen the risk of pulmonary hypertensive crisis (PHTC) after congenital heart surgery (Miller, et. al. 2000).Studies on the role of NO in the management of PPHM show that while it is therapeutic, it also prevents the occurrence of chronic lung disease which affects morbidity. Vascular cell proliferation and pulmonary vascular disease have been shown to decrease with NO in the newborn (Roberts, et. al., 1995). In addition, while NO treatment can be more costly, it is the most cost-eff ective among other methods because of the reduced need for ECMO (Angus, et. al. 2003). For these reasons, it is understandable wherefore NO therapy seems to have taken over in the area of PPHN treatment.ReferencesAngus DC, Clermont G, Watson RS, et al. (2003). Cost-effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure in the United States. Pediatrics. 112, 13511360.Aparna U., Hoskote, MD., et. al. (2008). air duct function in infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide for dark pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Pulmonol. 43, 224-235.Channick R, Hoch R, Newhart J, et al. (1994). Improvement in pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia during nitric oxide consumption in a patient with end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 149, 811-814Clark, RH., Huckaby, JL., et. al. (2003). Low-Dose Nitric Oxide Therapy for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension 1-Year Follow-up. Journal of Perinatology. 23, 300.Ellington Jr, Marty, OReilly, et. al. (2001). C hild Health Status, Neurodevelopmental Outcome, and Parental Satisfaction in a Randomized, Controlled Trial of Nitric Oxide for Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn. Pediatrics,107.Ichinose F, Roberts JD, et.al. (2004). A Selective Pulmonary Vasodilator Current Uses and Therapeutic Potential. Circulation. 109, 3106-3111. Kinsella JP, Neish SR, Shaffer E, et al. (1992). Low-dose inhalation nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Lancet. 340, 819820.Miller O, Tang SW, et. al. (2000) Inhaled nitric oxide and prevention of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart surgery A randomised double-blind study. The Lancet. 356 9240, 1464.Oliveira cac, et. al. (2000). Inhaled Nitric oxide in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn a meta-analysis. Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. S., 55 (4) 145-154, 2000Roberts JD Jr, Polaner DM, Lang P, et al. (1992). Inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Lancet. 340, 818819.Roberts JD Jr, Roberts CT, Jones RC, et al. (1995). Continuous nitric oxide inhalation reduces pulmonary arterial structural changes, right ventricular hypertrophy, and growth retardation in the hypoxic newborn rat. Circ Res. 76, 215-222.Sadiq HF, Mantych G, et. al. (2003). Inhaled Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Moderate Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn A Randomized Controlled, Multicenter Trial. Journal of Perinatology. 23, (2).98

Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment

Dependency of a Boxers draw graze on R distributively and Gender Antonio Paolo Gomez Candidate No. 003902-006 Northbridge International naturalize Cambodia Math Studies Internal Assessment Word Count wholeness hundred sixty-five5 Statement of Task3 Plan3 Data4 Math Processes5 Simple math processes5 Pearsons Correlation Coefficient r7 Chi-Squ be8 discussion/Validity10 Conclusion10 Works Cited11 Statement of Task Boxing is a truly well known sport around the world, where two disciplined athletes face off in a ring, trading blows until one of them submits or until judges decide a winner.The sport revolves around throwing blows with their fists, and to organize said athletes, their characteristics atomic number 18 measured, and their accomplishments be recorded. Before a fight is held, a fighters profile is summarized, mentioning the persons height, weight, produce, and their win/loss record. All of what is mentioned is said to play a freehand give out in the flow of the mat ch. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if in that location is a relationship between a pugilists delve and his winning rate. The information that will be taken will be professional boxers measured clear up and their counts of wins and losses for winning rate.The measurement of a boxers reach is used to determine how far he can extend his punch. The measure of boxers reaches and their records of wins and losses will be used to determine if reach is one of the larger factors that affect an athletes chances in a match. Plan The investigation will include data ga at that placed from professional boxers, which are their reach and their counts of wins and losses. The data that will be dispassionate can be collected from official sites online, which have brief profiles of athletes measurements. I will be apply official sites since they tend to be up to date and have accurate and legit information.The amount of data collected will consist of 30 athletes, half of whom a re male and half are female. The data will be collected from official boxing sites such as BoxRec. com, which contains the profiles of numerous official boxers and their measurements, which includes their reach and wins and losses. The data for one athlete will consist of his reach and his win/loss record. I will attempt to avoid any professional athletes that are relatively new to the professional stage, so I will be looking at boxers with around at least five eld of experience.Once the data has been acquired, the data will be analyzed using different mathematical processes. A scatter dapple will be used to dapple out said data. The correlation coefficient r will be calculated. The test of independence will be used to determine if there is a addiction between a boxers sex and winning rate. Data Males Boxer dawn (cm) Win calculate (%) 1 170 90. 00 2 173 96. 77 3 183 96. 88 4 194 88. 57 5 183 87. 88 6 207 92. 31 7 177 94. 29 8 183 72. 34 9 201 100. 00 10 198 95. 24 11 198 80 . 77 2 179 86. 21 13 179 89. 29 14 183 87. 88 15 180 89. 66 Females Boxer Reach (cm) Win Rate (%) 1 165 89. 47 2 161 86. 67 3 167 66. 04 4 166 75. 00 5 162 81. 25 6 168 93. 33 7 163 76. 47 8 162 75. 00 9 159 88. 46 10 167 86. 21 11 176 80. 95 12 171 83. 87 13 168 82. 61 14 166 78. 95 15 169 90. 48 From the scatter plot using both male and female sets of data, we can predict that the calculated correlation would be weak and that a boxers win rate weakly correlates with his/her reach.This can be recognizen as the data points are spread and plotted quite far from the line of best fit. Math Processes Simple math processes Average Males * Reach in centimeters 170+173+183+194+183+207+177+183+201+198+198+179+179+183+180=2788 2788/15= 185. 8666667 cm * Win rate in percentage 90. 00+96. 77+96. 88+88. 57+87. 88+92. 31+94. 29+72. 34+100+95. 24+80. 77+86. 21+89. 29+87. 88+89. 66= 1348. 09 1348. 09/15= 89. 87% Average Females * Reach in centimeters 165+161+167+166+162+168+163+162+159+167+176+ 171+168+166+169= 2490 2490/15= 166 cm * Win rate in percentage 89. 7+86. 67+66. 04+75+81. 25+93. 33+76. 47+75+88. 46+86. 21+80. 95+83. 87+82. 61+78. 95+90. 48=1234. 76 1234. 76/15=82. 32 Average both genders * Reach in centimeters 2788+2490=5278 5278/30=175. 93 cm * Win rate in percentage 1348. 09+1234. 76= 2582. 85 2582. 85/30= 86. 095% We can see a small contrariety in win rate between the genders, with male boxers having a higher win rate by about 7%. We can see a bigger difference between the reach of the two genders but this would most likely be because men tend to grow and develop their bodies course larger than women.Standard passing Reach Males Sx=170-185. 872+173-185. 872+183-185. 872+194-185. 872180-185. 87215 Sx=10. 626 Females Sx=165-1662+161-1662+167-1662+166-1662+162-1662169-166215 Sx=4. 163 Both Genders Sx=170-175. 932+173-175. 932+183-175. 932+194-175. 932169-175. 93230 Sx=12. 798 We are able to see that the standard deflection is greater for the male boxers femal e boxers. We can arrogate that the pieces of data from the men are spread farther from the mean as compared to the data from the women. This means that in regards to the data collected, female boxers seem to be closer n their measured reach as compared to the males. The standard deviation for both groups surpasses the calculated standard deviation for the separate male and female groups, pith that as a whole range of data, the reaches recorded altogether are even more spread out from the comely as compared to the genders separately. Standard Deviation Win rate Males Sx=90-89. 872+96. 77-89. 872+96. 88-89. 872+88. 57-89. 87289. 66-89. 87215 Sx=6. 67 Females Sx=89. 47-82. 322+86. 67-82. 322+66. 04-82. 322+75-82. 32290. 48-82. 32215 Sx=6. 995 Both Genders Sy=90. 00-86. 0952+96. 7-86. 0952+96. 88-86. 0952+88. 57-86. 095290. 48-86. 095230 Sy = 7. 8087 We can see from the calculated standard deviations that the standard deviation for the win rate of males and females are close to each separate, meaning that both have pieces of data that are connaturally far from the calculated mean. In regards to all data recorded regardless of gender, the standard deviation is found to be slightly higher, meaning that the pieces of data for both genders are slightly farther from the mean as compared to the separate gender groups of data. Subject Reach Win Rate xy 170 90 15300 2 173 96. 77 16741. 21 3 183 96. 88 17729. 04 4 194 88. 57 17182. 58 5 183 87. 88 16082. 04 6 207 92. 31 19108. 17 7 177 94. 29 16689. 33 8 183 72. 34 13238. 22 9 201 100 20100 10 198 95. 24 18857. 52 11 198 80. 77 15992. 46 12 179 86. 21 15431. 59 13 179 89. 29 15982. 91 14 183 87. 88 16082. 04 15 180 89. 66 16138. 8 16 165 89. 47 14762. 55 17 161 86. 67 13953. 87 18 167 66. 04 11028. 68 19 166 75 12450 20 162 81. 25 13162. 5 21 168 93. 33 15679. 44 22 163 76. 47 12464. 1 23 162 75 12150 24 159 88. 46 14065. 14 25 167 86. 21 14397. 07 26 176 80. 95 14247. 2 27 171 83. 87 14341. 77 28 168 82. 61 13878. 4 8 29 166 78. 95 13105. 7 30 169 90. 48 15291. 12 sum 5278 2582. 85 455634 average 175. 9333 86. 1 15187. 8 Pearsons Correlation Coefficient r Covariance x-x(y-y)n or xyn-x y x=175. 93 y=86. 095 xy=455634. 04 455634. 0430=15187. 80133 15187. 80133-175. 9386. 095=41. 10789 Correlation r=SxySxSy Sxy=41. 10789 Sx=12. 798 Sy=7. 8087 41. 1078912. 798(7. 8087)=. 411344119 r=. 411344119 r2=. 1692039842Correlation coefficient r is calculated to be very weak, meaning that reach and win rate show very little correlation and that a boxers reach is not a big factor of his or her chances of victory. With low correlation between a boxers reach and win rate, I will now see if gender is a factor of an athletes win rate by calculating chi squared. Chi-Square Observed Values Numerical Numerical Total sept A B A+B Category C D C+D Total A+C B+D N Calculating Expected Values Numerical Numerical Total Category (A+B)(A+C)/30 (A+B)(B+D)/30 A+B Category (C+D)(A+C)/30 (C+D)(B+D)/30 C+DTotal A+C B+D N Int ervals have been decided by average of the winning rates of the two genders. (82. 32+89. 87)/2=86. 095 Observed Data Values Win rate 86% Win rate ? 86% Total Male 2 13 15 Female 9 6 15 Total 11 19 30 Calculated Expected Data Values Win rate 86% Win rate ? 86% Total Male 5. 5 9. 5 15 Female 5. 5 9. 5 15 Total 11 19 30 Degrees of Freedom Df=(Rows-1) (Columns-1) (2-1)(2-1) = 1 ?2=fo-fe2fe fo = Observed Frequency fe = Expected Frequency ?2=1-323+7-7. 527. 5+7-4. 524. 5+5-323+8-7. 527. 5+2-4. 524. 5 Chi Square Value Table o fe fo-fe (fe-fe)2 (fo-fe)2/fe 2 5. 5 3. 5 12. 25 2. 227272727 13 9. 5 -3. 5 12. 25 1. 289473684 9 5. 5 -3. 5 12. 25 2. 227272727 6 9. 5 3. 5 12. 25 1. 289473684 sum 7. 033492823 ?2= 7. 033 Degrees of freedom= 1 meaning level= 5% 5% importee is used because it is the most common level of significance used. HO= Gender and win rate are fissiparous of each other H1= Gender and win rate are dependent of each other The ? 2 critical value at 5% significance with 1 d egrees freedom is found to be 3. 841. The ? 2 value is greater than the critical value 7. 333. 841, the null hypothesis is rejected and it can therefore be assumed that a boxers win rate is dependent of his or her gender. Discussion/Validity The investigation carried out to observe the correlation of Win rate and reach and win rate and gender has a few limitations that have affected the outcome of the results. One limitation is that although it is taken into account the reach of each boxer, their size and weight places them in different classes for professional fights. This means that fighters would normally be fighting people that have similar size, and theoretically, similar reach.With similar reach between two fighting boxers, the outcome of an athletes history of fights really could have been affected by other factors such as tactics and strength. Another limitation would be the fact that all of the collected pieces of data are all of high win rates. In boxing records and league s, if there is a boxer who has won 90% of his matches, there should also be a boxer who has lost that many of his matches as well. The collected data covers 30 pieces. This is done to supply a large amount of data, enough to give reasonably accurate results.Half of the data gathered covered male boxers and the other half covered female for the purpose of investigating the dependency of win rate on gender with chi squared. One limitation in regards to the genders, is that there is no co-ed boxing, meaning that females and males do not compete with each other and are separated into two genders for boxing matches. Although there is no condition threshold for winning rates in boxing, the intervals decided in the chi squared tables can be justified as the below and above averages for the average win rates of the two genders.Conclusion The found ? 2 value of 7. 033 rejects the null hypothesis, that Win rate for boxers is independent of their gender and accepts the alternative hypothesis, that a boxers win rate is dependent of a boxers gender. The extent of this calculation is affected by the nature of the data collected. The data that was collected for males and females consisted of high win rate percentages, and in boxing, when there is an individual who has won 70% of his matches, there is sure to be an athlete who has lost 70% of his matches as well.The investigation shows that there is a very low correlation between reaches and win rate for boxers regardless of their gender. This outcome could have been affected because of one of the mentioned limitations above, where boxers of similar size and weight are placed in the same class and fight, so reach becomes less of a factor for victory as compared to strength, speed, and tactics. Works Cited Boxrec Boxing Records Ratings. 4 November 2012 . Boxrec. Boxrec Boxing Records.

Compare and Contrast of Hector and Achilles

Option B Compargon and subscriber line the characters of swagger and Achilles. I choose to compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles because I am interested in their story. I hypothesise there are homophiley theme in this story, and the central theme is the fate of man situation if it is ? xed or changed by the will of men. I feel interesting that the gods decides the fate of people. And I choose this weft because I feel that I can understand what the author wants to express to the readers by comparing Hector and Achilles.Therefore, I will compare the vividnesss and the weakness of both whizzes. First of all, I will write close Hector. He was a Trojan prince and the sterling(prenominal) ? ghter for Troy in the Trojan War. He was born as a son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. His father was the king of Troy. He had a wife called Andromache and the son, Astyanax. In the European Middle Ages, Hector was one of the Nine Worthies. And he was a good son, husband and father. close of all, he loved the peace. He loved his country, his people, his family and wanted to die with honor.When he realized that Jove and his son Apollo are non with him for the protection anymore against Achilles, he says to himself My doom has come upon me let me not them die dishonourably and without a struggle, nevertheless let me ? rst do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter. . The gods heady not to protect him. That was the reason why Hector lost, but he wanted to ? ght against the strong Achilles. Therefore, I think Hector was the true soldier. I want to write nigh Achilles now. He was a hero and greatest warrior for Greek in the Trojan War.He was the son of the goddess Thetis and Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons. Achilles was a mortal soulfulness tear down though he was the son of a goddess. And he had the great pride that he was the strongest soldier, and he did not want to be under anybody. When the Agamemnon shamefaced him, Achi lles asked his goddess vex to go to Jove, then to ask Jove to help Troy, so that Agamemnon would be in trouble. Therefore, Achilles did not think slightly his country and his people. He only think astir(predicate) himself. So I think Achilles is not the person to be the king.Now I want to compare and contrast their strength and the weakness. First, I want to write roughly Hectors strength. He was brave and courageous. He was the man who thought about his family, loved his family and thought his country and people. He wanted to die with honor. He went to Paris because he did not stand to hear bad things about Paris and said, you ? ght bravely, and no man with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and willfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they have suffered much on your account.Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the cup of our de liverance beforehand ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chased the Achaeans from Troy. From this conversation, you can see that Hector thinks about his brother, thinks about the people of Troy, and is willing to push his brother to ? ght with honor. When he fought with Achilles, Hector escaped to ? ght him ? rst because he was afraid of Achilles. However, when he realized that the gods were not with him to ? ht Achilles, he decided to ? ght with honor until he died. Therefore, I think one of his strength is his brave heart. But Paris did not have the brave heart. Next, I want to write about Achilless strength. I think Achilles did not have many strength. I think the physical power from his goddess mother was the only strength he had. Even the king Agamemnon feared his strength. Hector was the greatest soldier in Troy, but even that greatest soldier run away from Achilles when Hector was standing in comportment of the gate of Troy.It says Fear fell upon Hec tor as he beheld him, and he dared not stay thirster where he was but ? ed in dismay from before the gates, which Achilles darted after him at his utmost speed. . therefore when Hector ? nally decided to ? ght with Achilles, Achilles killed him easily. Therefore, I think Achilles was the strongest worrier on earth. Next, I want to write about Hectors weakness. I could not ? nd many weakness of Hector, however, the only weakness I could ? nd was that Hector did not know how strong he was. He thought that he could ? ht with Achilles, but when he met Achilles, he run away. He run away because he ? nally realized that he was not as strong as Achilles when he met the enemy at the gate. I think it is too slowly for him to realized that. Because of this weakness, he died. Therefore, Hector did not have many weakness, but the only weakness he had destroyed him. Next is the weakness of Achilles. I think Achilles had many weakness even though he was the greatest warrior on earth. I think A chilles was strong physically, but he was weak mentally. When Agamemnon took Briseis from Achilles,Achilles went to the sea and prayed to his mother such as, Mother, you bore me doomed to live but for a littler season surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, magnate have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonor, and has robbed me of my prize by force. . He cried when he was saying it. This was not like the greatest warrior, but rather a small childs doing. He liked to ? ght and liked to kill people. He was very good at killing people, but he did not have any respect to his king, his country and his people.When he killed Hector, he did something very dishonorable. Achilles tempered the body of Hector with contumely. He pierced the sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide through the slits he had made. He made the body fast to his chariot, letting the head trail upon the ground. Then Achilles l ashed his horse on, and the disseminate rose from Hector as he was being dragged along. Thus was the head of Hector being dishonored in the dust. This is not something what the greatest warrior does. Again Achilles became so emotional that he acted like a child.Therefore, I think that Achilles is not a person to be a great king. If he becomes to be a king, his country and people will be destroyed. I do not want to live in his country. I think he has the extreme character. He was a supermen physically, but he was a little kid mentally. As the conclusion of the comparison between Hector and Achilles, Hector is more heroic than Achilles. I think that the hero is a person who think of his country and his people. After comparing the characters of Hector and Achilles, the person who thinks of his country and his people is Hector.Hector always thinks about his country, his people and his family. He loves his father, his mother, his brothers, his wife and his child. When Hector died, Paris s wife, Helen, cried and said, I have never heard one word of insult or unkindness from you. . Helen was the person who was the cause of this war. I think it is dif? cult to be kind to Helen, but Hector was nice to her. That representation Hectors heart was so deep. And I think Hector will be the greatest king. I love to live in his country.

Internship in Accounting Department Essay

INTRODUCTIONThe following root word describes the activities carried out during a 6-week, Full-time internship at the American university of lebanon, Finance Department. The document contains information about the organization and the responsibilities performed throughout the period between the 1st of July until 31st of July, 2014.The first part of the report offers an overview of the organization, and then describe the put to work which has been implemented by pay department according to the policy which has been approved by the higher centering represented by the university president and the Vise president of finance and administration. Finally the report wraps up with a few closing remarks and conclusions from the experience. The American University of Lebanon is a non-profit institution for public benefit founded in 2007 to provide a student-centered American-style education that embodies the philosophy, standards, and t for each oneing practices of the American higher educa tion model. AUL admits all qualified students regardless of social, ethnic, or religious background. Students be admitted based on a record of past academic performance and potential for success, including electrical condenser to engage in self-directed learning and demonstrated high levels of critical thinking.At AUL, young Lebnonis do more than co-exist they learn lasting values of respect for the individual and a spirit of free inquiry, and they fly high in a culture of achievement and bank noneability. Today nearly 1,100 students from all parts of Lebnon study at AUL. The university currently offers six academic curriculums that lead to a bachelors degree, as well as a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) and continuing education classes from its Professional Development Institute. The MBA program allows students to customize their degree by offering three areas of specialization Leadership, Project Management, and Finance. Undergraduate degree programs imply Business Administration, Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Information Technology, International Studies, and English-Journalism.The Professional Development Institute at AUL provides captains, companies, and organizations with access to professional education programs, including English language studies and project management. Rounding out the university experience is a robust campus life, with several(prenominal) university sports teams and more than a dozen student-sponsored clubs and other activities. AUL offers competitive mens and womens basketball, volleyball, ping pong, and soccer, and a dozen other student activities, including an internationally competitive debate society, drama, business, hiking, photography, running, and radio clubs. Students have also participated in conferences and competitions outside of Lebnon, including an international Model United Nations conference, Hult Global Case Challenge, and various Fulbright scholarships.Further, AUL is home to the nations fir st and only independent student newspaper, the AUL Voice, and houses student chapters of the U.S.-based Society of Professional Journalists and the Association for Computing Machinery. In the fall of 2011, AUL marked the beginning of its fourth academic year with a move to its new 169-hectare (418-acre) campus. The university ground include an administrative building, gender-specific dormitories, and an academic building, which houses lecture halls and classrooms, conference rooms, and faculty steads. AUL also has a cafeteria, two outdoor(a) basketball courts and an outdoor soccer field. State-of-the-art science labs will be completed next year. working(a) PlanThe main project to be carried out during the internship understood the whole procedures and process that performed by finance department and working closely with the finance staff and understanding the all principles and rules. Finance department in AUL has organization chart contains1. Director of Finance (report to the V ise President of Finance & Administration)a. Financial Planning police officerb. Accounting officeri. Account payableii. bank clerk (treasury)c. Bursari. Account receivableFinance department in AUL is prudent of the following duties1. Preparing the financial statement2. Preparing monthly accounting report3. Preparing monthly payroll report4. Preparing one-year budget5. Preparing departmental budget6. Making inter-fund imparting7. Making intar-fund transfer8. Monthly retribution9. Managing bank account10. Monthly adjustmentPurchasing and PaymentFinance department making sure enough that no-financial execution will be processed without proper authorization and it is the responsibility of all staff to hold in that commitments entered into are legal, reasonable and provide value of money.After understanding the all principles and rules, starting to work with each staff separately, I have the chance to work with the accounting officer who is responsible for account payable and t he cashier.The accounting officer is making sure to have document every transaction and have master acceptable document according to the policy, also he is responsible to punctuate all daily transaction and making the necessary entry and records. The accounting officer is responsible to preparer the balance sheet, approving the paycheck, fund transfer after getting the permission from finance director.The staff that is responsible for managing the account payable is responsible to check the paperwork which has been approved by the accounting officer then make the payment through Bank enthral or Bank Check or Cash and getting the necessary invoice and signatures. Also the account payable staff is making sure to make the payment at overdue date without whatsoever delay in order tohave the services continues without any interruption or penalty calm.The Cashier is responsible for managing the cash (treasure) making payment and receiving the due installment (tuition) payment for the customers. The Bursar is responsible for managing the tuition due payment with accordance with register office, also he is responsible for managing the account receivable. The account receivable is responsible for issuing the due invoice for the customers and sends it to them by email , then making sure to chase these invoices process get paid by the customers take stock process there are two audit offices are responsible to monitor the all financial process and transaction within the university a. Internal Audit office is responsible to check all document and statement on daily basis b. External Audit office an international audit company is responsible for auditing the all document and statement on annual basisConclusionIt was a good opportunity to put in practice and develop still accounting and organizational skills refresh some principles and concepts in finances required for the University of the Event. Last but not least, it was a great opportunity for developing persona l networking activities and making contacts which may prove of value in the near future and work with fantastic team of very hard working.

Business level

Business Purposes P5 Criteria Explain the characteristics of the local anaesthetic anaesthetic business environment. Define a local government. come upon the departments within a local government and explain its general purpose. (Why is it beneficial for local residents to have specialist departments within the local government? ) Name your local government, mention the Number of ethnic minorities. What is the impact of this on the local bea? (Mention more incentive for businesses to start up in the area)(lnformation is available onRedbridge website). Number of shop centres. What is the impact of these on the local area? (mention job increase-Information is available on Redbridge website). Number underground and condition facilities. What is the impact of this on the local area? (mention- people can commute out of the area to survey and find a Job- Information is available on Redbridge website). What has your local government recently introduced into the area? How has this a mend the local economic wellbeing, especially during the period of recession? ention shopping centres) Save in your area the pursual file TaiYear 12 Level 2 the consultation draft. On pages 27 and 28 there are 2 bar charts, which you need to add to your assignments. Once you have copied these into your assignments you need to analyse them. What has happened to Redbridge in the go 10 years? What sector is more dominant in Redbridge? (How could Redbridge council encourage more of those businesses to start up in the area? )What is the rate of unemployment in Redbridge? Which business industrial sectors are growing in Redbridge? What industrial sectors are declining in Redbridge? What is happening to average earnings in Redbridge? What is happening to the growth of businesses in Redbridge? What is the local borough doing to support businesses? How is this helping the local area? Talk about at least two things in detail. Conclude your findings. (Do you think your local government is he lping to promote economic wellbeing in the local area? )